YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET
A MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
FROM STUDENTS, COLLEAGUES AND FRIENDS
Edited by
Heather D. Baker, Eleanor Robson, and Gábor Zólyomi
British Institute for the Study of Iraq
2010
LONDON
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-0-903472-28-9
Printed by Short Run Press in Exeter
CONTENTS
Preface
v
Bibliography of Jeremy Black’s publications
vii
Rank at the court of Ebla
Alfonso Archi
1
Disenchanted with the gods? The advent of accurate prediction and its influence on scholarly
attitudes towards the supernatural in ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Greece
David Brown
11
Rara avis: a study of the ḪU section of the S Vocabulary
Yoram Cohen
29
Sumerian word classes reconsidered
Graham Cunningham
41
The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature: an all-in-one corpus?
Jarle Ebeling
53
Heralds of the heroic: the functions of Angimdimma’s monsters
Laura Feldt
69
Late Babylonian Lugale
M.J. Geller
93
a
Bilgames and the Bull of Heaven: cuneiform texts, collations and textual reconstruction
A.R. George
101
Assyria at Bisitun and the universal kingship of Darius I of Persia
Ronan Head
117
Un festival nippurite à l’époque paléobabylonienne
Fabienne Huber Vulliet
125
Arithmetical tablets from Iraqi excavations in the Diyala
Khalid Salim Isma’el and Eleanor Robson
151
Relative clauses in Sumerian revisited: an interpretation of lu2 and niĝ2 from a syntactic
point of view Fumi Karahashi
165
Observations on the literary structure of early Mesopotamian building and votive inscriptions
Jacob Klein
173
Reconsidering the consecration of priests in ancient Mesopotamia
Anne Löhnert
183
Navigations, voyages, traffics and discoveries: early European travellers to Mesopotamia
Ellen McAdam
193
Scribal schooling in Old Babylonian Kish: the evidence of the Oxford tablets
Naoko Ohgama and Eleanor Robson
207
Dismembering Enki and Ninhursaga
Nicholas Postgate
237
Adamšah, Kimaš and the miners of Lagaš
Daniel Potts
245
iv
A prohibition on onion growing in pre-Sargonic Lagaš?
Rosemary Prentice
255
Gatekeepers and lock masters: the control of access in Assyrian palaces
Karen Radner
269
How many miles to Babylon?
Julian Reade
281
A divine body: new joins in the Sippar Collection
Frances S. Reynolds
291
Skepsis gegenüber väterlicher Weisheit: Zum altbabylonischen Dialog zwischen Vater
und Sohn Walther Sallaberger
303
Ur III kings in images: a reappraisal
Claudia Suter
319
On the interpretation of two critical passages in Gilgameš and Huwawa
Jon Taylor
351
Notes on the shape of the Aratta epics
Herman Vanstiphout
361
Guardians of tradition: Early Dynastic lexical texts in Old Babylonian copies
Niek Veldhuis
379
Oath and sovereignty: Hesiod’s Theogony, Enuma Eliš, and The Kingship in Heaven
Andreas Weigelt
401
Hymns to Ninisina and Nergal on the tablets Ash 1911.235 and Ni 9672
Gábor Zólyomi
413
Afterword
Peter Mitchell
429
Bibliography
433
PREFACE
za3-mi2-zu dug3-ga-am3
‘Your praise is sweet’
This volume is intended as a tribute in memory of our teacher, colleague and friend, Jeremy Black.
The scope of the contributions to it are a testament to Jeremy’s own wide-ranging interests and to
his ability to forge scholarly connections and friendships among all who shared his interest in
Mesopotamia. His readiness to engage especially with younger scholars is reflected in the number
of articles written by colleagues at an early stage in their careers.
Jeremy’s own career followed a varied and interesting path. Prior to his appointment as
University Lecturer in Akkadian at Oxford in 1988, he had spent a year (1981–2) as a Research
Associate at the Oriental Institute in Chicago working on the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary,
followed by several years in Baghdad, first as the Assistant Director of the British Archaeological
Expedition to Iraq (1982–5), and then as its Director (1986–8). His time in Iraq awakened in
Jeremy a deep affection for the country and its people, and he was profoundly affected by the
recent tragic events there.
In recent years Jeremy became best known for the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian
Literature, a collaborative project which began with a pilot study in 1997 and went on to make
editions and translations of numerous key Sumerian literary compositions available not only to
scholars but also to the wider public. While the Sumerian language and literature were his main
academic interests, his publications (listed on pp. vii–xi) embraced such diverse topics as Akkadian
bird names, Parthian history, and amethysts. But to list these formidable academic achievements is
not to do justice to the person Jeremy was: above all a kind, patient and inspiring teacher, as well as
a stimulating colleague and firm friend.
We are grateful to all those colleagues who took the time to contribute to this volume, as well
as to Jeremy’s half-brother, Peter Mitchell, for kindly writing the Afterword. Tessa Rickards
generously contributed her etching of a Sumerian cylinder seal for the title page. We especially
thank the British Institute for the Study of Iraq, in particular Jon Taylor and the publications
committee, for taking on the task of publishing it.
Heather D. Baker
Eleanor Robson
Gábor Zólyomi
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF JEREMY BLACK’S PUBLICATIONS
BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS
1984 Sumerian Grammar in Babylonian Theory, Studia Pohl, series maior 12, Rome: Biblical
Institute Press. Second revised edition, 1991.
1987 (with H. Gasche and R. Killick) Ḫabl aṣ-Ṣaḫr 1983-4: Nebuchadnezzar II’s Cross-Country
Wall North of Sippar, Northern Akkad Project Reports I (Mesopotamian History and
Environment, Series I), Ghent: University of Ghent.
1992 (with A.R. Green) Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: an Illustrated
Dictionary. London: British Museum Press; reprinted, 1998; Polish translation, Slownik
Mitologii Mezopotamii: Bogowie, Demony, Symbole, Warsaw, 1998; Czech translation,
Bohové, Démoni a Symbolu Staroveké Mezopotámie: Ilustrovany Slovník, Prague, 1999.
1996 (with D.J. Wiseman) Literary Texts from the Temple of Nabû, Cuneiform Texts from Nimrud
IV, London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq.
1998 Reading Sumerian Poetry, Athlone Publications in Egyptology and Ancient Near Eastern
Studies, London: Athlone Press.
1999 (with J.N. Postgate and A.R. George) A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, Wiesbaden:
Harrassowitz. Second (corrected) reprinting, 2000.
2000 [2005†] (with G. Zólyomi) (eds), The Study of Diachronic and Synchronic Variation in
Sumerian (= Acta Sumerologica 22, Special Volume in Honor of Professor Mamoru
Yoshikawa).
2004† (with G. Cunningham, E. Robson, and G. Zólyomi) The Literature of Ancient Sumer. Oxford
and New York: Oxford University Press. Paperback edition 2006.
2008† (with G. Spada) Texts from Ur: Kept in the Iraq Museum and in the British Museum, Nisaba:
Studi Assiriologici Messinesi 19, Messina: Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichita
dell’Universita degli Studi di Messina.
Contributor
1989 Chicago Assyrian Dictionary, vol. 17: Š part 1.
1992 Chicago Assyrian Dictionary, vol. 17: Š part 2.
2000 Chicago Assyrian Dictionary, vol. 14: R.
Editorial consultant
1998 Epics of Early Civilisation: Myths of the Ancient Middle East, Myth and Mankind, New
York: Time-Life Books.
WEBSITES
1998–2007† (with G.G. Cunningham, J. Ebeling, E. Flückiger-Hawker, E, Robson, J.J. Taylor, and
G.G. Zólyomi) The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature. Oxford: Oriental
Institute. <http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk>.
ARTICLES
1981 ‘The New Year ceremonies in ancient Babylon: “taking Bel by the hand” and a cultic picnic’,
Religion 11: 39–59.
1983 ‘Babylonian ballads: a new genre’, Journal of the American Oriental Society 103 (= Kramer
viii
Anniversary Volume): 25–34.
(with F.N.H. Al-Rawi) ‘The jewels of Adad’, Sumer 39: 137–43.
1984 (with S.N. Sherwin-White) ‘A clay tablet with Greek letters in the Ashmolean Museum, and
the “Graeco-Babyloniaca” texts’, Iraq 46: 131–40.
‘The history of Parthia and Characene in the 2nd century AD’, Sumer 43: 230–4.
1985 ‘A-še-er gi6-ta, a balag of Inana’, Acta Sumerologica 7: 11–87.
‘Nasāḫu, “to copy”’, Revue d’Assyriologie 79: 92–3.
(with R.G. Killick) ‘Excavations in Iraq, 1983–4’, Iraq 47: 215–39
1985–6 (with M. Mahmud) ‘Recent work in the Nabû temple, Nimrud’, Sumer 44: 135–55.
1987 (with F.N.H. Al-Rawi) ‘A contribution to the study of Akkadian bird names’, Zeitschrift für
Assyriologie 77: 117–26.
‘Sumerian balag compositions’, Bibliotheca Orientalis 44: 31–79.
(with W.N. Ball) ‘Excavations in Iraq, 1985–6’, Iraq 49: 231–51.
‘A fragment from Ur’, Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires 1987, no. 34.
1988 ‘The Slain Heroes: some monsters of ancient Mesopotamia’, Bulletin of the Canadian
Society for Mesopotamian Studies 15: 19–25.
(with B.K. Isma‘il and M.D. Roaf) ‘‘Āna in the cuneiform sources’, in: Northedge, A.,
Bamber, A. and Roaf, M. (eds), Excavations at ‘Āna, Qal’a Island. Iraq Archaeological
Reports 1, Warminster: Aris and Phillips: 1–5. [First published in Sumer 39 (1988): 191–
194.]
1989 (with F.N.H. Al-Rawi) ‘The second tablet of “Ishum and Erra”’, Iraq 51: 111–22.
‘The Babylonian grammatical tradition: the first grammars of Sumerian’, Transactions of the
Philological Society 87: 75–99.
‘Inscribed objects from Lagash, al-Hiba and Girsu’, Sumer 46: 68–83.
‘A note on Zurghul’, Sumer 46: 71–83.
‘The fertile crescent’ and ‘Archaeological evidence for the Bible’, in: Burne, J. (ed.),
Chronicle of the World, Brussels/London/New York/Melbourne/Montreal/Paris: Chronicle
Communications Ltd: 76–7, 98– 9.
1990 ‘The alleged “extra” phonemes of Sumerian’, Revue d’Assyriologie 84: 107–18.
1991 ‘Eme-sal cult songs and prayers’, Aula Orientalis 9 (= Velles Paraules: Ancient Near
Eastern Studies in Honor of Miguel Civil): 23–36.
1992 ‘The cuneiform tablet from Pella’, in: McNicoll, A.W., Edwards, P.C., Hanbury-Tenison, J.,
Hennesy, J.B., Potts, T.F., Smith, R.H., Walmsley, A. and Watson, P., Pella in Jordan II: The
Second Interim Report of the Joint University of Sydney and College of Wooster Excavations
at Pella 1982–1985, Mediterranean Archaeology, Supplement 2, Sydney: MEDITARCH:
299–301.
‘Some structural features of Sumerian narrative poetry’, in: Vogelzang, M. and Vanstiphout,
H.L.J. (eds), Mesopotamian Epic Literature: Oral or Aural? Lewiston/ Queenston/Lampeter:
Edwin Mellen Press: 71–101.
1993 (with F.N.H. Al-Rawi) ‘A rediscovered Akkadian city’, Iraq 55: 147–8.
1994 ‘A curious list of deified names’, in: Gasche, H. et al. (eds), Cinquante-deux reflexions sur le
proche-orient ancien offertes en homage à Léon De Meyer, Louvain: Peeters: 193–6.
(with F.N.H. Al-Rawi) ‘A new manuscript of Enūma eliš, tablet VI’, Journal of Cuneiform
Studies 46: 131–9.
‘Inscriptions of Gudea in Montevideo’, Acta Sumerologica 17: 319–20.
1995 (with W. J. Tait) ‘Archives and libraries in the ancient Near East’, in: Sasson, J.M. (ed.),
ix
Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, New York: Scribner’s: 2197–2210.
‘Real and unreal conditional sentences in Sumerian’, Acta Sumerologica 17: 15–39.
1996 ‘The imagery of birds in Sumerian poetry’, in: Vogelzang, M.E. and Vanstiphout, H.L.J.
(eds), Mesopotamian Poetic Language: Sumerian and Akkadian, Cuneiform Monographs
6/2, Groningen: Styx: 23–46.
1997 ‘Hellenistic cuneiform writing from Assyria: the tablet from Tell Fisna’, Al Rāfidān 17 (= K.
Ohnuma (ed.), Special Volume in Commemoration of the 70th Birthday of Prof. Hideo Fujii):
229–38.
1999 Fifty-eight short articles in: Bienkowski, P. and Millard, A.R. (eds), The British Museum
Dictionary of the Ancient Near East, London: British Museum Press [some with A.R.
Green].
2000 ‘History of morphological research, I.II.4. The Ancient Near East’, in: Booij, G., Lehmann,
C. and Mugdan, J. (eds), Morphology: an International Handbook on Inflection and Word
Formation, Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikations-wissenschaft, Berlin/New York:
Walter de Gruyter: 35–40.
(with F.N.H. Al-Rawi) ‘A balbale of Ninurta, god of fertility’, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie
90: 31–9.
‘Some Sumerian adjectives’, Acta Sumerologica 22: 3–27.
‘Les bêtes qui parlent: les animaux dans les récits mythologiques sumériens’, in: Parayre, D.
(ed.), Les animaux et les hommes dans le monde syro-mésopotamien aux époques
historiques, Topoi, suppl. 2, Lyon: 367–82.
(with G. Zólyomi) ‘The study of diachronic and synchronic variation in Sumerian’
<http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/diachronsum.pdf>.
2001 ‘Amethysts’, Iraq 63: 183–6.
2002 ‘The Sumerians in their landscape’, in: Abusch, T. (ed.), Riches Hidden in Secret Places:
Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Memory of Thorkild Jacobsen, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns:
41–61.
‘Sumerian lexical categories’, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 92: 60–77.
(with C. Steele, H. McDonald, R. Matthews) ‘Impact of empire. Later third-millennium
investigations: the late Early Dynasty and Akkadian periods’, in: Matthews, R. (ed.),
Excavations at Tell Brak, 4: Exploring a Regional Centre in Upper Mesopotamia, 1994–
1996, London and Cambridge: British School of Archaeology in Iraq and McDonald
Institute for Archaeological Research: 193–269.
‘En-ḫedu-ana not the author of The temple hymns’, Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et
Utilitaires 2002, no. 4.
2003 ‘Sumerian noises: ideophones in context’, in: Sallaberger, W., Volk, K. and Zgoll, A. (eds),
Literatur, Politik, und Recht in Mesopotamien: Festschrift für Claus Wilcke, Orientalia
Biblica et Christiana 14, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz: 35–52.
2004 ‘Lost libraries of ancient Mesopotamia’, in: Raven, J.R. (ed.), Lost Libraries: the
Destruction of Great Book Collections since Antiquity, London: Palgrave Macmillan: 41–57.
‘Ningišzida and Ninazimua’, Orientalia 73: 215–27.
‘Dumuzid and his sisters’, Orientalia 73: 228–34.
‘Sprachwandel im Sumerischen’, in: Meyer, J.-W. and Sommerfeld, W. (eds), 2000 v. Chr.
Politische, wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Entwicklung im Zeichen einer Jahrtausendwende,
Colloquien der Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft, 3, Saarbrücken: In Kommission bei SDV,
Saarbrücker Druckerei und Verlag: 171–83.
2005† ‘Songs of the goddess Aruru’, in: Sefati, Y., Artzi, P., Cohen, C., Eichler, B.L. and
Hurowitz, V.A. (eds), An Experienced Scribe who Neglects Nothing: Ancient Near Eastern
Studies in Honor of Jacob Klein, Bethesda, MD: CDL Press: 39–62.
x
‘Poesie’, Reallexikon der Assyriologie 10 (7/8): 593–7.
2007† ‘Sumerian’, in: Postgate, J.N. (ed.), The Languages of Iraq, Ancient and Modern, London:
British School of Archaeology in Iraq: 4–30.
(with G. Zólyomi) ‘Introduction to the study of Sumerian’, in: Ebeling, J. and Cunningham,
G. (eds), Analysing Literary Sumerian: Corpus-based Approaches, London: Equinox: 1–32.
2008† ‘The obsolescence and demise of cuneiform writing in Elam’, in: Baines, J., Bennet, J. and
Houston, S. (eds), The Disappearance of Writing Systems: Perspectives on Literacy and
Communication, London: Equinox: 45–72.
2009† ‘The libraries of Kalhu’, in: Curtis, J.E., McCall, H., Collon, D. and al-Gailani Werr, L.
(eds), New Light on Nimrud: Proceedings of the Nimrud Conference, 11th-13th March 2002,
London: British Institute for the Study of Iraq: 261–5.
OBITUARIES
1990 Obituary of S.N. Kramer, The Independent (24.xii.1990).
1993 Obituary of Thorkild Jacobsen, The Independent (8.v.1993).
2001 Obituary of O.R. Gurney, The Times (24.i.2001). Reprinted in Archiv für Orientforschung
48/49 (2001/2002): 293–4.
BOOK REVIEWS
1980 S.N. Kramer, From the Poetry of Sumer: creation, glorification, adoration (University of
California Press, 1978), in Religion 10: 228–9.
J.S. Cooper, The Return of Ninurta to Nippur (Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1979), in Archiv
für Orientforschung 27: 154–9.
1983–4 J. Klein, Three Shulgi Hymns (Bar-Ilan University Press, 1981) and The Royal Hymns of
Shulgi King of Ur (American Philosophical Society, 1981), in Archiv für Orientforschung
29/30: 110–13.
1986 M.-L. Thomsen, The Sumerian Language (Akademisk Forlag, 1984), in Archiv für
Orientforschung 33: 77–83.
1988 M. Civil, D.A. Kennedy, O.R. Gurney, MSL Supplementary Series I (Biblical Institute Press,
1986), in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 78: 271–4.
1989 F. Grillot-Susini, Éléments de grammaire élamite (Éditions Recherche sur les civilisations,
1987), in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 149–51.
F. Rochberg-Halton (ed.), Language, Literature and History: Philological and Historical
Studies Presented to Reiner (American Oriental Society, 1987), in Journal of Semitic Studies
34: 196–7.
1989–90 S. Maul, ‘Herzberuhingungsklagen’. Die sumerisch-akkadischen eršaḫunga-Gebete
(Harrassowitz, 1988), in Archiv für Orientforschung 36/37: 124–6.
1990 ‘A recent study of Babylonian grammar’: review article of B.R.M. Groneberg, Syntax,
Morphologie und Stil der jungbabylonischen “hymnischen” Literatur. FAOS 14 (Franz
Steiner, 1987), in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 95–104.
1992 A. Livingstone, Court Poetry and Literary Miscellanea. SAA 3 (Helsinki University Press,
1987), in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 87: 36–9.
M.K. Schretter, Emesal-Studien. Sprach- und literaturgeschichtliche Untersuchungen zur
sogennanten Frauensprache des Sumerischen (Universität Innsbruck, 1990), in
Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 87: 382–5.
1995 A.R. George, House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia (Eisenbrauns, 1993), in
Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 90: 175–6.
xi
A.R. George, Babylonian topographical texts (Peeters, 1992), in Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies 58: 542–3.
1995–6 P. Attinger, Eléments de linguistique sumérienne (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1993), in
Archiv für Orientforschung 42/43: 214–17.
1999 I.L. Finkel and M.J. Geller (eds), Sumerian gods and their representations. Cuneiform
Monographs, 7 (Styx, 1997), in Journal of the American Oriental Society 119: 698.
H. Behrens, Die Ninegalla-Hymne. Die Wohnungnahme Inannas in Nippur in
altbabylonischer Zeit. FAOS 21 (Franz Steiner, 1998), in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde
des Morgenlandes 89: 284–6.
2000 H.L.J. Vanstiphout, Helden en goden van Sumer (Sun, 1998), in Archiv für Orientforschung
46/47: 443.
A.R. George, The epic of Gilgamesh: a new translation (Penguin, 2000), and Susan Pollock,
Ancient Mesopotamia (Cambridge University Press, 1999), in Times Higher Education
Supplement, 25.viii.2000.
2001 A.L. Macfie (ed.), Orientalism: a reader (Edinburgh University Press, 2000), in English
Historical Review 469: 1239.
2003 M.E.J. Richardson, Hammurabi’s laws: text, translation and commentary (Sheffield
Academic Press, 2000), in Journal of Semitic Studies 47: 127–9.
M.P. Streck, Die Bildersprache der akkadischen Epik. AOAT 264 (Ugarit-Verlag, 1999), in
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 93: 123–6.
2004 O. Tohru, Keilschrifttexte aus japanischen Sammlungen (Harrassowitz, 2002), in Journal of
Semitic Studies 48: 387.
2005† N. Wasserman, Studies in Old Babylonian literary texts (Brill/Styx, 2003), in Journal of
Semitic Studies 49: 198–201.
***
OBITUARIES OF JEREMY BLACK
Finkel, I.R. and S. Roe, ‘Jeremy Black: Oxford Assyriologist with a love of Iraq’, The Independent,
25 May 2004.
George, A.R., ‘Jeremy Black, MA, DPhil’, Iraq 66 (2004), vii–ix.
Lewis, J., Finkel, I.R. and S. Roe, ‘Jeremy Black (1951–2004)’, Wolfson College Record 2004,
21–5.
Robson, E., ‘Jeremy Black, 1951–2004’, British School of Archaeology in Iraq Newsletter 14
(2004), 4–5.
Roe, S., M. Winterbottom, and E. Robson, ‘Jeremy Allen Black, 1951–2004’, Worcester College
Record 2004.
RECONSIDERING THE CONSECRATION OF PRIESTS
IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
ANNE LÖHNERT—MUNICH
I had the wonderful opportunity to be a student of Jeremy Black’s unfortunately for only a short
period of time, yet his interest and support were a motivation and inspiration to me as a young
scholar. In memory of his keen interest in religious texts—reaching beyond his rich discussions and
publications—I would like to present a text which may somehow be linked to the scholars who
were known as the keepers of secret knowledge. This will be my small tribute to an unforgettable
scholar.
Textual material that provides us with explicit descriptions about the installation or consecration
of priests in ancient Mesopotamia is quite rare. Amongst the most important texts of the second
millennium BCE are the installation ritual of the EREŠ.DINGIR of the storm god in Emar and the
incantations for the purification of the gudu4-priest before his investiture.1
Apart from this second-millennium evidence there is a bilingual text published by Borger in
1973 which has become known as ‘The consecration of a priest of Enlil’. Except for a few
references, this text has not yet been discussed in detail. Although its contents are sometimes
difficult to understand, it is a valuable source regarding priestly purity in the first millennium
BCE.2 Borger reconstructed the whole text from five duplicates (A–E), to which two more
duplicates can now be added. All of them date from the first millennium, including three from
Kuyunjik, one probably from Assur, two from Nabû’s temple in Nimrud, and one unprovenanced
manuscript.3
The whole text is divided into a preamble and sixteen incantations. Duplicate A bears a
colophon which identifies it as a copy from a Babylonian original that was made on 11-IX in the
sixth year of Sennacherib by an apprentice of an incantation-priest of that king.4
The preamble introduces the nêšakku and pašīšu-priest of ‘Enlil’ and ‘Ninlil’, who must
undergo various kinds of inspection before entering the temple of the gods for the first time. The
inspection takes place in the bathroom and involves ascertaining whether or not they have the
requisite physical and mental qualifications to enter priestly office (i 1–44).
Rather than following this with a ritual description, the text instead gives sixteen incantations
that provide (partially cryptic) suggestions regarding the development of the ritual and the meaning
of the individual steps leading to its conclusion. As will be shown, the incantations do not solely
1
The ritual of the EREŠ.DINGIR was edited by Arnaud 1985–7 and subsequently treated by Dietrich 1989
and Fleming 1992. The Old Babylonian incantations for the purification of the gudu 4 before his investiture
were published by Farber and Farber 2003.
2
An analysis of this text formed a major part of my MA thesis at the University of Munich (2002).
3
The tablets from Kuyunjik and Assur and the unprovenanced Late Babylonian tablet have been treated by
Borger 1973; unless otherwise indicated, the sigla as well as the textual references are adopted from Borger,
ibid. The two additional duplicates from Nimrud are published in CTN 4 93 (pl. 53) and 122 (pl. 78). They
match Borger’s line numbering as follows:
CTN 4 122 = i 2–i 20 and i 32–i 44 (= preamble)
CTN 4 93 = ii 44–‘D rev. 11’ + five more lines (= incantations IX–X).
A transliteration and translation are given below.
4
The colophon in ms. A reads: (42)[GABA].⸢RI? KÁ.DINGIR.RAki⸣ ki-ma SUMUN-šú ⸢SAR-ma⸣ [IG]I.KÁR (43)[...]
⸢ŠAMÁN⸣.LÁ TUR (44)[...lúMU7.]MU7 LUGAL (45)[x]ki iti⸢GAN⸣ [... U]D 11-KÁM (46)[lim]-mu Imi-tu-nu lú⸢GAR KUR⸣ i-sa-na (47)
[MU] 6-KÁM mdEN:ZU-ŠEŠ.ŠEŠ-e[r]i-ba (48)[giš]GIŠIMMAR KUR daš-šur.
184
ANNE LÖHNERT, RECONSIDERING THE CONSECRATION OF PRIESTS
reflect the words spoken by the āšipu, but the nêšakku or the pašīšu himself is considered to play
an active role too. As to the exact functions of nu-eš3/nêšakku and nam-šita/pašīšu, it suffices to
observe that both were priests responsible for the upkeep of the daily cult.5 The assignment of these
priests to ‘Enlil’ and ‘Ninlil’ could have the same implications as in Old Babylonian times, when
the nêšakku was the cultic priest serving a male deity while the pašīšu was the cultic priest serving
a female deity (Renger 1975: 112).6 In the first millennium the names ‘Enlil’ and ‘Ninlil’ did not
refer to the actual divine couple Enlil and Ninlil known from Old Babylonian Nippur. Rather, the
term ‘Enlil’ was transformed into a generic term for divine supremacy (e.g., ellillu/ellilūtu).7 Thus,
the relevant passage of the consecration ritual (i 1–4) has to be seen in this light too, because its
composition probably postdates the Old Babylonian period. Hence, it is not too far-fetched to
assume that ‘Enlil’ and ‘Ninlil’ were adopted as designations for the highest-ranking gods of a
temple—be it Assur and Mullissu of the Assyrian pantheon, or the pair Marduk and Ṣarpanītu, or
Nabû and Tašmētu of the Babylonian pantheon, or indeed any Mesopotamian god.8
The counterbalancing of purity and impurity was an essential aspect of cultic procedures.
Before establishing contact with a deity the priests had to confirm their own purity as well as the
purity of the ritual settings.9 Accordingly, the whole consecration of the nêšakku and the pašīšu was
devoted to the question of purity.
In the preamble, not only the immaculate lineage, but also the physical and mental integrity of
the initiate were examined.10 This means that absolute purity was demanded of the priest. Cultic
purity included the inner, invisible level as well as its materialisation in externally visible features.11
Once a positive outcome of the inspection is obtained, the initiate undergoes the ritual, divided
among the incantations into the stages outlined in Table 1.
5
For the office of the nêšakku and pašīšu in Old Babylonian times see Renger 1969: 138–80; for an overview
of the Sumerian-Akkadian equations and the functions of both priests see Sallaberger and Huber Vulliet
2003–5. Note that in later periods the titles nêšakku and pašīšu are only found in literary contexts and never
as everyday terms (Sallaberger and Huber Vulliet 2003–5: §5.3.1).
6
For the pašīšu of the goddess Ninlil in Middle Babylonian Nippur see Sassmannshausen 2001: 66.
7
Cf. AHw 203: Ellil = ‘the highest god’, Ellil(l)la/ītu = ‘the highest goddess’ and Ellilūtu = ‘highest rank’.
8
The adoption of ‘Enlil’ and ‘Ninlil’ into the Assyrian recension (ms. A), which explicitly refers to king
Sennacherib, may well be understood as part of a reform of religious ideology undertaken by Sennacherib.
With the mention of Ninlil we would have one more allusion to his cultic reforms, since in earlier times the
god Assur had no female companion (Deller and Donbaz 1987: 227).
9
For discussions of purity see Maul 1994: 39–46, 94–100 and passim; Berlejung 1998: 181–92 and passim.
Acting as commissioner of a deity in some rituals, the priest must have complied with the divine
expectations. Therefore the initial incantation of Šurpu I (Reiner 1958: 11, l. 4) states ‘I am a pure man’ (ĝe 26e lu2 ku3-ga-me-en). The declaration: ‘I am the bathed one, whose hands are pure, the messenger of Ea and
Marduk’ (susbu šu dadag-ga lu2kiĝ2-ge4-a den-ki dasar-lu2-ḫi-ka-me-en/ramku ša qātāšu ebbā mār šipri ša Ea
u Marduk anāku, e.g., SpTU 3 67 obv. i 47–8) imply physical purity obtained through ablution. Often the
priest requests exculpation from moral lapses, as can be found in the lipšur-litanies (Reiner 1956: 142–3, ll.
41´–66´), in the ezib-formulae of the divination-priest just before extispicy (Starr 1990: XX–XXVII), and
finally, in our incantation XII (iii 10´–16´; see below).
10
As Borger 1973: 163 already pointed out, the preamble has parallels to some passages of the Old Testament
and the so-called ‘Enmeduranki text’. The latter includes an inspection with similar criteria for qualification
as a divination-priest (Lambert 1998). For priests’ purity as recorded in Late Babylonian legal and
administrative documents see now Waerzeggers and Jursa 2008. According to these documents especially the
physical descent of the initiate was of judicial concern.
11
In the letter SAA 13 138 the recently appointed priest of Ištar’s temple in Arba’il informs king
Assurbanipal about a gala-priest of Ea who has committed thefts in the temple and is therefore no longer to
be allowed to perform ritual actions (lā elâšu ina parakki; for this expression see footnote 37). In the letter
SAA 10 160, rev. 10–12, on the other hand, the kalû-priest Marduk-šapik-zeri pleads to the king on behalf of
an exorcist who, despite the fact that his face and hands are branded (pānīšu u rittīšu šaṭrū), is a very
competent priest.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
185
Table 1: Stages of consecration, according to the incantations
Incantation
I–VII
VIII
IX
X
Lines
Sumerian or Akkadian rubric
i 57, 64;
ka-enim-ma ĝiri2 šu-i-kam
ii 6, 10, 20, 28, 36
ii 40
ka-enim-ma šá gišUMBIN ta-b[a-lu? ...]
ka-enim-ma tu9 ku3-ga-kam
[ka-enim-ma ...]
XI
ii 52
c. 6 lines after ‘D
rev. 11’
iii 23´
XII
iv 15
ka-enim-ma e2-kur ku4-ku4-da-kam
XIII
iv 26
ka-enim-ma ENIM ABZU 10 šá me-e
e2 dkù-sù TUM2
XIV
iv 30
ka-enim-ma [... ZU:]AB šu-ṣi-i
XV
iv 40
ka-enim-ma ni2-te-a-ni ku3-ga
XVI
iv 41
[ka-enim-ma ...]
ka-enim-ma e-sir2 dib-ba-kam
Translation
Formula of the barber’s knife
Formula for the removal? of
the (finger-)nail
Formula of the pure cloth
[Formula ... of the paršīguturban?]12
Formula for walking on the
street
Formula for entering the
Ekur13
Formula ‘word of the Apsû’,
10 lines, while bringing water
of the house of Kusu
Formula for bringing out
[... Ap]sû?
Formula for selfpurification14
[Formula ... of the white
tapsû-blanket]15
Although explicit instructions on actions are missing, a razor was seemingly used for cutting the
hair. The tonsure of priests in the first millennium is often attested in texts and iconography, and
was considered to be the main feature of a priest (especially the šangû-priest).16 The first two
incantations might imply such a tonsure. It is the priest that the text refers to, on whose head water
is poured, whose body is rubbed with soap, and who is ‘bathed’ with(?) the bronze razor.17 The
meaning of ‘to bathe’ can be understood as a general term for the ceremony involved, for shaving
itself represents a ritual action. If the interpretation of Incantation III (ii 2) a tu 5-tu5-a gišumbin-TAR
saĝ-ga dadag-ga as ‘to bathe with water, to cleanse by shaving the head’18 is correct, then we do
indeed have an explicit hint of an actual shaving.
12
The rubric is broken but, as will be shown below, the suggested addition fits the context.
A similar rubric completes the purification ritual of the gudu4, where it reads e2 ku4-ku4-da-kam, ‘in order
to enter the temple’ (Farber and Farber 2003: iv 11´). As Farber and Farber 2003: 100 suggest, this
purification is a preliminary ritual and is not part of the actual investiture. In contrast, our ritual does not end
with the self-purification but continues with the investiture of the priests (see the discussion below).
14
The rubric ‘to purify a gudu4-priest’ occurs twice in the Old Babylonian ritual. First, the fifth incantation
reads gudu4 ku3-ge-⸢da⸣ (Farber and Farber 2003: iii 16), which happens before he is allowed to enter the
temple (see previous footnote). Second, as a summary of the whole purification ritual the Old Babylonian
text has the rubric gudu4 ku3-ge-da-kam (Farber and Farber 2003: iv 13).
15
Ms. A gives only the catchline; ms. B breaks off before the rubric.
16
For a detailed discussion of this topic see Scheyhing 1998; Waerzeggers and Jursa 2008: 14, 20–2, 28–33.
17
The translation of i 66 by Scheyhing 1998: 64 as ‘(...) das bronzene Schermesser zum Reinigen zu baden
(...)’ would actually fit much better in the context of an incantation of the razor. But the Akkadian in the
parallel line i 48 equates tu5-tu5 with rummuku, which (according to CAD R s.v. ramāku) is never combined
with an impersonal object. (See also the translation of the phrase in question in CAD R 111, lex. section: ‘...
to bathe in a pure fashion (using?) a razor, ...’.)
18
Borger 1973: 172 translates verbatim ‘mit Wasser zu baden, mit einem Kopfrasiermesser? zu erhellen’,
which corresponds exactly to the Sumerian phrase. For the wider understanding ‘to shave’ cf. Antagal F 184:
giš
umbin-TAR = gul-lu-[bu] (MSL 17 217), and Nabnitu H 1–3: gišumbin-TAR = gul-lu-b[u]; saĝ-sar-ra =
MIN; gišumbin-AK-a = MIN (MSL 17 175).
13
186
ANNE LÖHNERT, RECONSIDERING THE CONSECRATION OF PRIESTS
Incantation VII rounds off the series of the ‘razor incantations’. Even though it is badly
preserved, the remaining sign traces [...-ĝ]u10-ta ḫ[u-...] or [...]-ĝu10-ta ḫu-m[u?-...] of i 33–4 reveal
the apotropaic concern of this incantation.19 The formula of Asalluḫi, ‘child of Eridu’, who was
invoked in the preceding incantations in order to wipe off (the evil), to purify, to cleanse and to
brighten,20 is omitted here. By bathing and shaving, the polluting substances have been washed
away, and the initiate is prepared for the next step.
The following incantation, VIII, aims at the elimination of all evil by the exclamation: ‘To
loosen the knot/string of evil is up to you, lord Marduk, so absolve me from my bond!’ (ii 37–9).21
Finally, the rubric ‘for removing the (finger)nail’ points to the act of cutting the fingernails. The
implication here is that the fingernail bears negative powers and its removal accompanies the
elimination of evils. Such an ‘absorptive’ function is not without parallels: in the Late Babylonian
incantation SpTU 3 81 from Uruk, as well as in the apotropaic ritual KAR 134, the nail is charged
with negative power and later eliminated in various ways.22 The incantation lacks the formula of
the purifying Asalluḫi since an irreversible separation from evil is demanded in order to attain a
higher level of purity.
Incantations IX and X represent two ‘Kultmittelbeschwörungen’ of a garment that can be
regarded as the insignia.23 Since CTN 4 93 is decisive for an improved understanding of both
incantations, a transliteration and translation are presented here in detail:
Incantations IX and X
1´.
2´.
3´.
4´.
5´.
6´.
7´.
19
[...] ⸢qe?⸣-[... ...] [....] the threa[d ...].
⸢munus! dim2⸣-ma tun3-bi [...]
sin-niš-ti ṭe-mi [...]
um-ma dim2-ma ⸢x si x⸣ [...]
pur-šum-ti ṭe-mi [...]
d
asar-lu2-ḫi nam-šub na-[...]
d
marduk šip-tam [...]
The wise woman [...] the lap/rug [...],
the wise old woman … [...].
Asalluḫi/Marduk [recited] the incantation.
They certainly can be understood as a parallel to the motive of the prevention of evil, which is part of the
‘Legitimationstyp’ (Falkenstein 1931: 31), and here the particular variant sil7 igi-ĝu10-ta, ‘Get out of my
presence!’ (Falkenstein 1931: 32–3).
20
i 54–5: ḫe2-en-ku3-ga ḫe2-en-sikil-la ḫe2-en-dadag-ga // li-lil li-bi-ib li-nam-mir
i 61–2, ii 4–5: šu dadag-ga-a-ni-ta ḫe2-em-(ma)-ab-ur3-ra // ḫu-mu-un-ku3-ga ḫu-mu-un-sikil-la ḫu-mu-undadag-ga.
ii 18, 26: ḫe2-en-ku3-ga ḫe2-en-sikil-la ḫe2-en-dadag-ga.
21
An almost exact parallel for this passage is found in the Late Babylonian incantation SpTU 3 81, obv. 21–
2, part of a collection of incantations which avert evil by spellbinding hair or nails. The parallel confirms the
transliteration and translation by Borger 1973: 167, 173, which can be restored as follows: (37)[en2] sa ḫul tuḫu3-da en dmarduk-⸢e⸣-[da-am3] (38)[ki-ṣ]ir lum-ni pa-ṭa-ru it-ti lum-nu DIŠ/ana? ⸢x⸣ [...] (39)[bēlum] dmarduk itti-ka-ma i-il-ti [puṭur]. Besides the parallels given by Borger 1973: 175 ad ii 27–39, it should be added that in
the course of the medical ritual muššuʾu (‘rubbing’) the priest has to recite the incantation sa ḫul tuḫ-u3-da,
‘to dispel the evil knot/string’ (Böck 2003: 3–6, ll. 4 and 20).
22
For SpTU 3 81 see the previous footnote. The finger- or toenail has to be put into a jar and then thrown into
the river (obv. 13–14 and 24). For KAR 134 see Ebeling 1931: 25. This text consists of incantations which
dissolve a spell and re-establish the strength of the afflicted person. The first fully legible line explicitly
points to the evil-absorbing character of the nails: KI T[I]-ú UMBIN-ia lip-pa-ṭir ar-ni [X?], ‘let my sin be
exorcised through my nail’ (obv. 11´, after CAD Ṣ 251 ṣupru). The only (preserved) ritual instruction aims at
the separation from something harmful by kneading the nails into clay and throwing it into a well, a river, or
into the box under the door pivot (lū ana būru lū ana nāri lū ana burṣimdi dalti tanaddi, obv. 13–16). An
overview of items with evil-absorbing functions—including nails—is provided by Maul 1994: 76–82.
23
The garment as the central object of a purifying ritual is noteworthy, as only two other attestations of this
kind are known. An Old Babylonian series of ‘Kultmittelbeschwörungen’ empowers offerings ingredients,
such as cedar, honey, ghee, different sorts of oil, and finally ends with two incantations of the ‘cloth’ and the
SAR.SAR linen (Geller 2001: 230–2, ll. 55–70). And one of the initial actions of a coronation ritual includes a
mouth-washing ritual of the king’s garment, throne and ritual throne (Berlejung 1996: 6/11 ll. 15–16).
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
8´.
9´.
ḫe2-en-ku3-ga ḫe2-en-sikil-la ḫe2-[...]
eme ḫul-ĝal2 bar-še3 ḫ[e2-...]
187
He may purify, he may cleanse, he may [brighten]!
The evil tongue shall [stay] aside!
_____________________________________________________________
10´.
ka-enim-ma 7 tu ku -ga-[kam ]
7 lines, Formula of the pure cloth.
11´.
en2 duttu munus sag10-ga dumu den-lil2-la2
du2-ud-[da]
d
MIN sin-niš-ti SIG5-tum mar-ta šá den-líl
ul-[du-ši ]
ki-aĝ2-ĝa2 den-⸢ki⸣-ga-ke4 su-na tum3-ma-a
mar-tum na-ram-ti dé-a šá BAD? zu-mur
šu-lu-k[at?]
e-⸢ze2⸣-ni-ta siki sag10 siki babbar-ta šu-na
im-ma-an-⸢ĝal2?⸣
ṣe-e-ni ši-pa-a-ti SIG5.MEŠ ši-pa-a-ti
pe-ṣa-tú ana ŠUII
tu9
bar-si! šita ku3!-ga šu im-⸢mi⸣-in-sag3
sa im-ma-ni-in-g[e?!]
pár-ši-ga ik-rib ⸢x x⸣ ep-ru-ti uš-ter-s[i?!]
Incantation: Uttu, the good woman, child born by Enlil.
9
3
(2)
_____________________________________________________________
12´.
13´.
14´.
15´.
16´.
17´.
18´.
LU2.TUG2 <<x>> kalam-ma-ke4 šu-na
im-ma-an-šum2
20´. ana áš-la-ki šá ma-a-ti ip-qid
21´. tu9bar-si a zalag2-ga šu-luḫ-luḫ-ḫa
22´. pár-ši-ga ina me ⸢x x⸣-ti ú-za-ak-ki
23´. šu sikil-ta šu s[u- ... su]-ub-ba-a
24´. ina qa-ti ⸢x⸣ [...] ⸢x⸣
25´. dasar-lu2-ḫi ⸢x⸣ [...]
26´. ⸢d⸣marduk [...]
(remainder destroyed)
19´.
The beloved child of Enki/Ea that is made fit in her/his
body,24
sheep of good wool, of white wool she put in his hands.
In the pure prayer she ... the bar-si turban and made it
ready.
She prepared the paršīgu-turban in [...] prayer of the
cover?.25
The ‘Fuller of the land’ gave it in his hand.
She handed it over to the ‘Fuller of the land’.
The bar-si turban—with splendid water it is washed.
He cleaned the paršīgu-turban with [splendid?] water.26
With cleansed hands [...] rubbed.
Asalluḫi/Marduk [...].
Incantation IX appears to describe the preparation of the garment that is specified as the paršīguturban in Incantation X. First of all, it mentions the thread (being the basic element of a cloth) of
the goddess Uttu which is said in ii 43/44 to be ‘straightened’ by Ištar.27 The incantation is
completed by Asalluḫi, who bestows the thread with power by purification (ii 49–50).
24
The only other preserved ms. is D, where rev. 3–4 read: dumu ki-aĝ 2-ĝa2 den-ki-ga-ke4 su-na tu[m2-...] /
mar-ti na-⸢ram⸣-ti dé-a šá zu-um-⸢x⸣ [...]. The Akkadian line of CTN 4 93 causes some confusion: should the
second half be a mixture of ša ina zumrīša/šu šūlukat = ‘(Uttu), who is fit in her/his body’ and ša zumurša
šūluku = ‘(Uttu), whose body is fit’? The meaning of this passage remains unclear—one should assume that
ll. 11´–14´ allude to a specific but incomprehensible mythologem regarding the relationship between Uttu,
Enlil and Enki (see Michalowski 1992: 309-12 for intertwinements of incantations with myths).
25
The parallel ms. D (rev. 8) reads: [...-g]a ina ik-rib el-lu-tú ip-ru-su uš-ter-si, ‘After she cut off [the
paršīgu-turban?], she made it ready’. In CTN 4 93 the sign(s) following ik-rib is/are illegible, but neither the
traces nor the space support the reading el-lu-tú. Apart from that the text has a noun ep-ru-ti, not a verbal
form of parāsu (as ms. D). The translation ‘the cover’ (abstract of verb apārum/epērum, ‘to cover the head’)
is only tentative, since the Sumerian version provides no evidence for interpretation either.
26
I cannot provide any satisfactory solution for the reading of the traces ina? me ⸢x x⸣-ti. If the sign on the
Sumerian line is indeed zalag2 the Akkadian could be read ⸢nam-ru⸣-ti, for which the traces would fit.
According to the dictionaries, the only other occurrence of ‘splendid water’ is found in the Old Babylonian
‘Dialogue between the cleaner of clothes and a customer’ l. 10: ina mê namrūti ta-di-x (UET 6/2 414, Gadd
1963: 183). However, if we accept namrūti the problem remains that mê ought not to be written me but me-e.
27
The combination Uttu–Ištar also occurs in Šurpu V/VI ll. 144–9 (Reiner 1958: 34) and in a Middle
Assyrian ritual of utukkū lemnūtu, where Uttu spins Ištar’s spittle into a spell-binding thread (Geller 1980:
30/36 l. 141´).
188
ANNE LÖHNERT, RECONSIDERING THE CONSECRATION OF PRIESTS
Incantation X specifies the textile as the paršīgu-turban.28 Since it is an exceptional garment,
Uttu,29 the goddess of weaving, is working on it herself. As material she chooses white sheep’s
wool. The colour ‘white’ points to the shiny and pure character of the textile, whose supernatural
quality is emphasised all the more because the goddess of weaving herself and ‘The fuller of the
land’30 are in charge of its production.
On putting on the turban, the initiate is visibly distinguished from ordinary people and he is
allowed to enter the Ekur temple. But before he can do so, he must ‘walk on the street’31
(Incantation XI). The slightly modified incantation of the mīs pî ritual, en2 e-sir2-ra du-a-ni-ta
(‘when he walked along the street’) fits this context, in which Asalluḫi/Marduk observes the
contamination of his āšipu/mašmāšu-priest, who is walking on the street (SAALT 1: 211–25). This
incantation was probably recited during the procession of a newly-fashioned divine image from the
river to its shrine (SAALT 1: 210). The ‘street’ is well known as a place of peril jeopardising the
mandatory cultic purity of a priest.32 Therefore Incantation XI starts with the invocation of the god
Kusu,33 being as ‘chief exorcist’ the authority capable of purifying the initiate.
In fact, the initiate names violations which he himself or another person has committed
consciously or unconsciously (iii 2´–16´). Such considerations are also part of the lipšur-litanies
(Reiner 1956: 137–8, ll. 81–95 and pp. 142–3, ll. 41´–62´) and of Šurpu II (Reiner 1958: 13–18). 34
The same gods—Nusku, Kusu and Ningirim(a)—are invoked for purification, in order to ‘enter the
Ekur’ (lūruba ana Ekur, iii 20´). Finally, the initiate concludes his preliminary measure with the
words: ‘If I prostrate, it bowed me down?, if I tread on the ground, my feet shall be straight’ (uškên
lū ukannišanni akabbas qaqqaru līšerā šēpēya, iii 21´). Notably, the purity of the feet is also the
28
Within the scope of a priestly consecration it should be mentioned that the EREŠ.DINGIR of the storm god
of Emar also receives a red wool headdress (túgBAR.SIG sígḪÉ.ME.DA) as one of her insignia (l. 42).
29
Uttu is not one of the great gods, but her seat E-ešgar (‘House of the assigned task’) is nevertheless
mentioned in Tintir II l. 13´´ (George 1992: 50). Some other attestations of this goddess serve to illustrate her
responsibilities. For the entry dTAG×TÚG or dTAG.TÚG in An-Anum II ll. 355–6, a Seleucid god list gives
glosses explaining the sign TAG as ma-ḫa-ṣu šá TÚG, ‘to weave a textile’ (Litke 1998: 109 n. 354). A
hemerology equates her with ettūtu, ‘spider’ (George 1992: 283). And finally, as stated in Laḫar and Ašnan
(ETCSL 5.3.2, l. 17) and Enki and the World Order (ETCSL 1.1.3, l. 383), lordship cannot exist without Uttu
fashioning the royal cap.
30
As far as I know, the appellation ‘Fuller of the land’ is not attested elsewhere. Ea/Enki is often indicated as
being the master of various crafts (e.g., MSL 9 207–9), but there is no reference to ‘fuller’.
31
The rubric e-sir2 dib-ba-kam has at least four parallels within the series of the ‘forerunners to utukkū
lemnūtu’ (Geller 1985: 26–33). There, the evil demons wait at every imaginable place in order to attack
human beings and cause evil diseases which can only be cured by priests.
32
Before starting a ritual, the priest has to obtain absolution for any pollution caused by the ‘street’. Such
pleas are part of the initial lines of the lipšur-litanies, where the priest asks Šamaš for forgiveness (Reiner
1956: 142–3, ll. 41´–6´).
33
The title saĝĝa2 maḫ den-lil2-la2-ke4 as stated in Incantation XIII is the usual epithet of this deity
(Michalowski 1993: 158–60). As a deity concerned with purification he played an important role within
purifying rituals. Gibil and Kusu formed the pair ‘censer’ (niĝ2-na/Kusu) and ‘torch’ (gi-izi-la2/Gibil). The
mīs pî ritual also refers to Kusu and his purifying function. At the beginning an instruction orders the setting
up of a hut in the garden for Kusu, wherein the water basin has to be installed (SAALT 1 37/38 and 53/54 ll.
11 and 23). He carries out his duty by swaying censer and torch ‘in order to bring light into the darkness’
(SAALT 1 106/110 ll. 27-8). According to another mīs pî incantation he purifies the crown by means of the
‘holy water basin’ and ‘the pure water of the Apsû’ (SAALT 1 194–5/204, l. 13).
34
On analogy with the lipšur-litanies (Reiner 1956: 142–3, l. 48´), ll. iii 11´–13´ have to be understood as: ‘If
I have been neglectful, if I have not been neglectful, if I have committed a sin, if I have not committed a sin,
if I have been remiss, if I have not been remiss’ (lū angi lū lā angi lū aḫṭi lū lā aḫṭi lū ešēṭ lū lā ešēṭ). The
finite form angi, which is here assumed to derive from the infinitive egû, remains problematic. As Borger
1973: 175 ad iii 11´ already pointed out, the writing an-gi instead of e-gi is certain. Nevertheless, because of
the close parallelism to the lipšur-litanies and the reference to possible negligence towards a deity expressed
in these three statements, the translation of angi as ‘I have been neglectful’ seems to be the most appropriate.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
189
main concern of an incantation of the mīs pî ritual, when the god’s statue is about to enter the
temple (SAALT 1: 176/187, ll. 20–23).
Having been freed from the pollution of the street, the initiate is now allowed to enter the Ekur.
To judge from the expression in Incantation XII ‘[...] to the Ekur I ascend’ (ana Ekur elli/ellu, iv
1/2), this may have been considered synonymous with an actual ascent into a higher sphere. 35 Even
though the lines of this incantation are badly preserved, the wording of a ‘Legitimationstyp’
incantation is still legible. The initiate seeks protective escort (iv 3–4)36 in order to prevent harm
that may cling to him and that therefore may contaminate the temple at his entry (iv 5–13).
Incantation XIII consists of 10 lines of the ‘Word of the Apsû’, which is marked by the
purifying radiation of Eridu and the Apsû, seat of the crafty god Enki/Ea. This incantation invokes
the priests and gods of the Eridu-circle. The list starts with the enkummu-priest, whose duties lay
within the sphere of cultic purification (Walker 1966: 170; Charpin 1986: 390). The following
divine couple Enkum and Ninkum, and the abgal-priest, whose prominent feature was ‘flowing
hair’ (Charpin 1986: 389), belonged to the Eridu-circle. The chain of purification deities is
continued by Kusu, Ningirim(a) and Asalluḫi (iv 21–3). The incantation has the rubric ‘Word of the
Apsû while bringing water of the house of Kusu’, where ENIM ABZU is used as an idiomatic
expression. By consulting other passages this topos can also be closely linked to purification:37
1. VAT 13841+13842, rev. 6: ENIM ABZU šá GI.IZI.LÁ = ‘word of the Apsû of the torch’; the
torch has already appeared in the context of purification;38
2. In Esagil-kin-apli’s ‘Exorcists’ Manual’ the entry ENIM ABZU GI.NU.TAG.GA-ú shows the
affiliation to the purification cult, since it appears together with ‘hand-washing rites’.39
3. The ENIM ABZU of the ‘kettledrum ritual’ from Kuyunjik confirms the purity of the bull
whose skin is destined to cover the lilissu-kettledrum (Linssen 2004: 275, 278, i 17 and 26).
The Akkadian supplementary note ‘while bringing the water of the house of Kusu’ facilitates the
reference to the mīs pî ritual, where at one point the water basin is set up in the ‘house of Kusu’,
who then accomplishes the ‘Kultmittelbeschwörung’ of the crown by means of ‘the holy water
basin, the water of the Apsû’.40 The suggestion of Berlejung (1998: 423/435, n. 1977) to equate the
bīt rimki of the mouth-washing rituals (mīs pî) with the bīt Kusu gains relevance because the
following incantations support the assumption that our incantation also refers to such a bīt Kusu set
up in a garden on a river bank. To sum up, Incantation XIII refers to a purifying spell in which
powerful authorities bless the water (for self-purification?).
Incantation XIV is very fragmentary but ties in with the previous one. The purifying aspect
postulated by the interpretation of the term ‘Word of the Apsû’ in the rubric is apparent once again.
The first line underlines this with the words: ‘The holy water basin of Enki, the water of the lapis
lazuli quay he found there’ (a(-)gub2-ba den-ki-ga-ke4 a kar za-gin3-na mu-ni-in-pa3, iv 27). A
similar combination of ‘water basin’ and the ‘pure quay’ occurs in the ‘Kultmittelbeschwörung’ of
the throne within the mīs pî ritual, which states: ‘Kusu, the chief exorcist of Enlil, [...] he grandly
35
Apart from the literal meaning ‘to climb’ the verb elû has also a figurative meaning (cf. CAD E 119–20
elû). With the phrase lā elâšu ina parakki, ‘He is not to ascend the dais’ (SAA 13 138 rev. 18e, see also
footnote 11) a punishment is inflicted upon a priest who is thus no longer allowed to carry out his duty in
front of the cult image. This evidence supports the idea that ‘the ascent to the Ekur’ points to the priest’s
future cultic actions in the temple.
36
Cf. the example ‘Nergal at my right side, Ninurta at my left side’ (Falkenstein 1931: 30).
37
The following text passages are cited after Borger 1973: 176 ad iv 26.
38
For the function of the torch cf. footnote 35.
39
Cf. Geller 2000: 244, l. 3: ENIM ABZU GI.NU.TAG.GA-ú u ŠU.LUḪ DINGIR.RA / ENIM ABZU gi-nu-taq-qu-ú u
ŠU.LUḪ.ḪA DINGIR.RA, ‘Word of the Apsû, ginutaqqû, and hand-washing rites of the deity’. For ginutaqqû see
Geller 2000: 252 ad l. 3.
40
Cf. the passage cited in footnote 34.
190
ANNE LÖHNERT, RECONSIDERING THE CONSECRATION OF PRIESTS
ordered [...]. On a pure quay, on a clean quay, purify it (i.e., the throne) with the water basin and
acknowledge it as [...] of the Apsû!’ (SAALT 1 196/205, ll. 19–21). Finally, a badly damaged rubric
of an incantation within the mouth-washing of the ‘choice bull’ has also the traces kar-za-gin3-na
[...] (Linssen 2004: 267–8, rev. 11).
Another association leads to the Ekar-zagina of Ea/Enki, designating both the temple in the
complex of Esagil in Babylon and its adjoining river and garden area (e.g., George 1992: 300-3).41
Even though only ms. A, originating from Kuyunjik, includes this incantation, the name was likely
adopted from its Babylonian original or even from the presumed original Nippur background. In
any case, the incantation hints at a ceremony held on a river, be it the Euphrates (as stated in the
next incantation) or the Tigris.
The extant lines of Incantation XV provide sufficient basis for an interpretation, because it is not
only the rubric ‘to purify oneself’ that explicitly addresses the act of purification.42 The mention of
the Euphrates in iv 31 affirms the fact that rivers were usually the locations where the purifications
(tēliltu)43 and a good part of the mouth-washing ritual took place.
Lines iv 35–9 undoubtedly indicate a physical purification: mouth, hands, feet—the whole body
—shall become pure. A similar statement is found at the beginning of the Old Babylonian
purification ritual of the gudu4-priest, where arm, hand and foot became ‘fair’ (i3-sa2) (Farber and
Farber 2003: i 2–4). By now, the initiate has attained the purity required to carry out cultic actions.
The rubric of Incantation XVI remains unknown, but the beginning of the incantation that ms. A
gives as catchline is preserved in ms. B. Ms. A refers to a second tablet but it is not clear to what
extent the incantation there belongs to the ritual on tablet A. However, ms. B suggests that it is still
part of the ritual, and therefore we must assume that the ceremony lasts for an unspecified time. In
the incantation the central term tapsû is somewhat obscure. The text provides no useful hints for
identifying this item or defining its function: it is the appropriate symbol of divinity (iv 41/41a),
and here especially (or generally?) assigned to Ea and the Apsû; furthermore, it is a cultic
ordinance of Enlil. Further qualifications are not given.
Apart from this incantation the tapsû is attested in a few other text passages. The term usually
denotes a textile (CAD T 193–4); only once is it used for leather covers (SAA 7: 89, obv. 12).44
During the mīs pî ritual the tapsû is referred to twice: once in an instruction to let the god sit
down in a linen tapsû (Berlejung 1998: 426/441, ll. 96/12; SAALT 1: 59, l. 95 and pp. 74/78, l.
13),45 the second time in a ‘Šu’ila for the mouth-opening of a god’, when the god is told to lie/sit in
a pure linen tapsû (SAALT 1: 169/185, l. 59).46 According to Berlejung these actions aim to isolate
the cultic image from the profane world. From this line, another newly reconstructed text can now
be understood too (Berlejung 1998: 138 n. 774). Its fragmentary state nevertheless allows
identification as a ritual instruction, where a priest puts the tapsû on the king’s head. Besides the
ritual contexts, the veiling of ordinary people’s faces was a general requirement when they were
given an audience by the king (Parpola 1980: 172 n. 12). It cannot be determined whether or not
the tapsû was also used for covering the head. But if so, then either the initiate’s head or that of the
divine statue was covered before the initiate presented himself to the god.
41
See also the map in George 1992: 17 and 24.
A similar rubric, gudu4 ku3-ge-da, occurs in the Old Babylonian purification ritual for the gudu4-priest
(Farber and Farber 2003: iii 16´ and iv 13´); see also footnote 13.
43
Cf. references in Maul 1994: Index s.v. ‘Fluß’. A Ninevite incantation of the mīs pî ritual thematises the
Tigris (Berlejung 1998: 424–36; SAALT 1 56 l. 52), and another of Šurpu IX ll. 119–28 the Euphrates
(Reiner 1958: 49).
44
The arrangement in ḪAR-ra = ḫubullu XIX does not contribute to the identification of the tapsû (‘garment
of the bailiff, garment of the image, tapsû, sumptuous garment, garment of Ḫana, ...’ (ša rēdî, ša ṣalmi, tapsû,
ša illūku, ša ḫanû ...), MSL 10 135, ll. 271–5).
45
DINGIR.BI ina UGU GI.KID.MAḪ ina tap-se-e GADA TUŠ-šú.
46 túg
[ DU8]-a ⸢gada tuḫ-a⸣ [...] // [i]na tap-se-e ki-⸢te⸣-[e ...].
42
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
191
CONCLUSION
In recapitulation we can draw the following picture: Incantations I–XII repeatedly indicate the
temple as the seat of the divine and as an area clearly separated from the profane world. Any
trespasses by unauthorised parties involved great dangers. In order to avert these dangers the future
priest had to undergo a purifying ritual. Therefore, the aim of Incantations I–XII is to gain access to
the temple. The necessary procedure begins with seven washings (and shavings) that wipe away
any pollution. Immediately afterwards the adhering evil is literally cut off with the fingernails, thus
concluding the separation from the previous environment. Now the initiate is allowed to wear a
special turban of divine origin, which gives the purification ceremony an outwardly visible new
status. The preparations for entry into the temple are now performed.47
Before the initiate proceeds to the Ekur, he has to avoid the pollutions of the profane area, i.e.,
the street, because it risks compromising his cultic purity. Since the preamble locates the inspection
of the initiate in the ‘bathroom’, where the washing ceremony was also likely to have taken place,
the initiate may really have walked along a street in order to reach the temple. With the elimination
of all evil now concluded, the initiate is permitted to do so.
But access to the temple is only one step within the ritual, because at least the following three
incantations (XIII–XV) prescribe some kind of mouth washing. Like the often-cited mīs pî
(‘mouth-opening’) ritual, this ceremony was performed on the banks of a river, and comparable to
the mīs pî ritual, the final goal here is a person who is permanently able to communicate with the
divine sphere (as the mīs pî of a divine statue enabled the deity to communicate with the human
sphere).48 With Incantation XV the initiate reaches the stage of ritual purity: he can contact the
deity orally (purity of the mouth), perform ritual acts (purity of the hands) and walk around in the
temple without endangering its cultic purity (purity of the feet).
If Incantation XVI is an immediate continuation of the ritual, we can assume that the initiate is
presented to the deity while veiled. In any case, at the end of the ritual a priest emerges who has
access to the temple and is able to act as intermediary between the earthly and the divine spheres.
Addendum
The article of Waerzeggers and Jursa (2008), which appeared after the submission of this
contribution, is worth mentioning here since it examines the purity of priestly initiates from the
perspective of Late Babylonian legal and administrative documents, thus meshing nicely with the
preamble to the ‘Consecration of a priest of Enlil’. For a survey of installation procedures
according to Neo-Assyrian documents see now Löhnert (2007).
47
At this point the Hittite instructions for the temple personnel offer a nice parallel since they apply to the
deity’s kitchen staff: ‘Let them be bathed and shaven, let their (body?) hair and their nails be removed. Let
them wear pure garments’ (after Wilhelm 1999: 198).
48
Another example of a short-term ‘mouth washing’ is the preparations of the divination-priest before he can
carry out his work for the king: he washes his hands, clothes himself with a new garment, rinses his mouth
with cedar sap, washes his mouth and hands again, etc. (Zimmern 1901: 75–8, ll. 13–18; Maul 2003: 76).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ABBREVIATIONS
Bibliographical abbreviations follow those listed in the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary and the Chicago Hittite
Dictionary, with the following additions and exceptions:
AAICAB
Adab
AMD
CST
GARES
ARI
ASJ
ATU
AUWE
BaF
BAM
BBVO
BSA
CM
DB
DP
ECTJ
Emar
ETCSL
FAOS
Fö
GAG
HdO
HSAO
ISET
KAR
LKA
MC
MSVO
MVS
Nik
NYPL
OBC
OBO
OPSNKF
OSP 1
PDT
PIHANS
PNA 2/I
RCU
RGTC
RlA
SAAB
SAACT
SAALT
SANE
SAOC
SCIAMVS
SEL
SF
SpTU 3
StAT
STH
TCTI 2
see Grégoire 1996–2001
see Yang 1989
Ancient Magic and Divination
see Fish 1932
Archivi Reali di Ebla: Studi
see Grayson 1972–6
Acta Sumerologica (Japan)
see Englund and Nissen 1993
Ausgrabungen aus Uruk-Warka, Endberichte
Baghdader Forschungen
see Köcher 1964; 1980
Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient
Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture
Cuneiform Monographs
see Kent 1953 (edition of DB, pp. 116–A35)
see Allotte de la Fuÿe 1908–20
see Westenholz 1975b
see Arnaud 1985–7
see Black et al. 1998–2006
Freiburger Altorientalische Studien
see Förtsch 1916
see Von Soden 1969
Handbuch der Orientalistik
Heidelberger Studien zum Alten Orient
see Çığ et al. 1969 (ISET 1); Çığ, Kızılyay and Kramer 1976 (ISET 2)
see Ebeling 1919–20
see Ebeling 1953
Mesopotamian Civilizations
see Englund and Grégoire 1991
Münchner Vorderasiatische Studien
see Nikol’skij 1908
New York Public Library
Orientalia Biblica et Christiana
Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis
Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund
see Westenholz 1975a
see Çığ et al. 1956
Publications de l’Institut historique-archéologique néerlandais de Stamboul
see Baker 2000
P. Michalowski, The Royal Correspondence of Ur (diss., Yale Univ.)
Répertoire Géographique des Textes Cunéiformes
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie
State Archives of Assyria Bulletin
State Archives of Assyria Cuneiform Texts
State Archives of Assyria Literary Texts
Sources from the Ancient Near East
Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization
Sources and Commentaries in Exact Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici sul Vicino Oriente antico
see Deimel 1923
see Von Weiher 1988
Studien zu den Assur-Texten; see Radner 1999 (StAT 1), Donbaz and Parpola 2001 (StAT 2)
see Hussey 1912
see Lafont and Yildiz 1996
434
TLB 3
TSA
UAVA
BIBLIOGRAPHY
see Hallo 1973
see de Genouillac 1909
Untersuchungen zur Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archaologie
REFERENCES
Abdullah, A.K., 1967. ‘The paramount god and the old name of Al-Dhiba’i’, Sumer 23: 189–92.
Aikhenvald, A.Y., 2002. ‘Typological parameters for the study of clitics, with special reference to Tariana’, in
Dixon, R.M.W./Aikhenvald, A.Y. (eds), Word: A Cross-linguistic Typology, Cambridge: 42–78.
Aldersley, L., 1586. ‘The second voyage of M. Lawrence Aldersley, to the cities of Alexandria and Cayro in
Aegypt’, in Hakluyt, R., The principal navigations voyages traffiques and discoveries of the English
nation [1598 London; 1904 ed., 39–73, Hakluyt Society, Glasgow].
Al-Gailani, L., 1965. ‘Tell Al-Dhiba’i’, Sumer 21: 33–40.
Al-Hashimi, R., 1972. ‘New light on the date of Harmal and Dhiba’i’, Sumer 28: 29–33.
Allotte de la Fuÿe, F., 1908–20. Documents présargoniques, Paris.
Al-Rawi, F.N.H. and Dalley, S., 2000. Old Babylonian Texts from Private Houses at Abu Habbah, Ancient
Sippir, Edubba 7, London.
— and Roaf, M., 1984. ‘Ten Old Babylonian mathematical problems from Tell Haddad, Himrin’, Sumer 43:
175–218.
Alster, B., 1974. The Instructions of Š uruppak. A Sumerian Proverb Collection, Mesopotamia 2,
Copenhagen.
—, 1976. ‘On the earliest Sumerian literary tradition’, JCS 28: 109–26.
—, 1978. ‘Enki and Ninhursaga. The creation of the first woman’, UF 10: 15–27.
—, 1983. ‘Dilmun, Bahrain, and the alleged paradise in Sumerian myth and literature’, in Potts, D.T. (ed.),
Dilmun: New Studies in the Archaeology and Early History of Bahrain, BBVO 2, Berlin: 39–74.
—, 1988. ‘Unobserved duplicates’, NABU 1988/16.
—, 1991. ‘Contributions to the Sumerian lexicon’, RA 85: 1–11.
—, 1991–2. ‘Early Dynastic proverbs and other contributions to the study of literary texts from Abu
Salabikh’, AfO 38/39: 1–51.
—, 1992a. ‘Court ceremonial and marriage in the Sumerian epic “Gilgameš and Huwawa”’, BSOAS 55: 1–8.
—, 1992b. ‘Interaction of oral and written poetry in early Mesopotamian literature’, in Vanstiphout,
H./Vogelzang, M. (eds), Mesopotamian Epic Literature: Oral or Aural? Lewiston/Queenston/
Lampeter: 23–69.
—, 1997. The Proverbs of Ancient Sumer, 2 vols, Bethesda, MD.
—, 2002. ‘Relative clauses and case relations in Sumerian’, WZKM 92: 7–31.
—, 2004. ‘Gudam and the Bull of Heaven’, in Dercksen, J.G. (ed.), Assyria and Beyond: Studies Presented
to Mogens Trolle Larsen, Leiden: 21–45.
—, 2005. Wisdom of Ancient Sumer, Bethesda, MD.
Amiet, P., 1976. L’art d’Agadé au Musée du Louvre, Paris.
Annus, A., 2001. The Epic of Anzû, SAACT 3, Helsinki.
—, 2002. The God Ninurta in the Mythology and Royal Ideology of Ancient Mesopotamia, SAAS 14,
Helsinki.
Anward, J., 2000. ‘A dynamic model of part-of-speech differentiation’, in Vogel, P.M./Comrie, B. (eds),
Approaches to the Typology of Word Classes, Empirical Approaches to Language Typology 23,
Berlin: 3–45.
Arcari, E., 1982. La lista di professioni Early Dynastic Lu A, Supplemento n. 33 agli ANNALI vol. 42
(1982), fasc. 3, Naples.
Archi, A., 1986. ‘Berechnungen von Zuwendungen an Personengruppen in Ebla’, AoF 13: 191–205.
—, 1987a. ‘Gifts for a princess’, in Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language 1: 115–24.
—, 1987b. ‘Les titres de EN et LUGAL à Ebla et des cadeaux pour le roi de Kish’, MARI 5: 37–43.
—, 1987c. ‘The “sign-list” from Ebla’, in Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language 1:
91–113.
—, 1988a. ‘Studies in Eblaite prosopography’, in Archi, A. (ed.), Eblaite Personal Names and Semitic
Name-Giving, ARES 1, Rome: 205–62.
—, 1988b. ‘Zur Organisation der Arbeit in Ebla’, in Hauptmann, H./Waetzoldt, H. (eds), Wirtschaft und
Gesellschaft von Ebla, HSAO 2, Heidelberg: 131–8.
—, 1992. ‘Integrazioni alla prosopografia dei “danzatori”, ne-di, di Ebla’, Vicino Oriente 8/2: 189–98.
—, 1996a. ‘Chronologie relative des archives d’Ebla’, Amurru 1: 11–28.
—, 1996b. ‘Les comptes rendus annuels de métaux (CAM)’, Amurru 1: 73–99.
—, 1996c. ‘Eblaita: passisu “colui che e addetto all'unzione: sacerdote purificatore; cameriere al servizio di
una persona”’, Vicino Oriente 10: 37–72.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
435
—, 1998a. ‘The high priestess, dam-dingir, at Ebla’, in Dietrich, M./Kottsieper, I. (eds), “Und Mose schrieb
dieses Lied auf”. Studien zum Alten Testament und zum Alten Orient: Festschrift fur Oswald Loretz
zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres mit Beitragen von Freunden, Schulern und Kollegen, AOAT
250, Münster: 43–53.
—, 1998b. ‘Two heads for the king of Ebla’, in Lubetski, M./Gottlieb, C./Keller, S. (eds), Boundaries of the
Ancient Near Eastern World. A Tribute to C. H. Gordon, Sheffield: 386–96.
—, 1999. ‘Clothes in Ebla’, in Avishur, R./Deutsch, R. (eds), Michael. Studies in Honor of Prof. M. Heltzer,
Tel Aviv–Jaffa: 45–53.
—, 2000. ‘The lords, “lugal-lugal”, of Ebla. A prosopography study’, Vicino Oriente 12: 19–56.
—, 2002a. ‘Jewels for the ladies of Ebla’, ZA 92: 161–99.
—, 2002b. ‘ŠEŠ-II-IB: a religious confraternity’, Eblaitica 4: 23–55.
—, 2005. ‘The head of Kura—the head of ʾAdabal’,JNES 64: 81–100.
—, in press. ‘Who led the army of Ebla? Administrative documents vs. commemorative texts’, in
Proceedings of the 52nd Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale held in Münster, 2006.
Archi, A. and Biga, M.G., 2003. ‘A victory over Mari and the fall of Ebla’, JCS 55: 1–44.
—, Piacentini, P. and Pomponio, F., 1993. I nomi di luogo dei testi di Ebla, ARES 2, Rome.
Arnaud, D., 1985–7. Récherches au pays d’Aštata: Emar VI: Les textes sumériens et accadiens, Paris.
—, 2007. ‘Corpus des textes de Bibliothèque de Ras Shamra-Ougarit (1936–2000) en sumérien, babylonien
et assyrien’, Aula Orientalis Suppl. 23, Sabadell.
Aruz, J. (ed.), 2003. Art of the First Cities: The 3rd Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus,
New York.
Asher-Greve, J.M., 1985. Frauen in altsumerischer Zeit, BiMes 18, Malibu.
— and Asher, A.L., 1998. ‘From Thales to Foucault and back to Sumer’, in Prosecký, J. (ed.), Intellectual
Life of the Ancient Near East: Papers Presented at the 43rd Rencontre assyriologique
internationale, Prague, July 1–5, 1996, Prague: 29–40.
Athanassiadi, P. and Frede, M. (eds), 1999. Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity, Oxford.
Attinger, P., 1984. ‘Enki et Ninhursaga’, ZA 74: 1–52.
—, 1992. Review of Charpin 1986, ZA 82: 125–31.
—, 1993. Eléments de linguistique sumérienne. La construction de du11/e/di ‘dire’, OBO Sonderband,
Fribourg/Göttingen.
Badger, G.P., 1852. The Nestorians and their rituals: with the narrative of a mission to Mesopotamia and
Coordistan in 1842-1844 and of a late visit to these countries in 1850…, 2 vols, London.
Baker, H.D. (ed.), 2000. The Prosopography of the Neo-Assyrian Empire 2/I: Ḫ-K, Helsinki.
Bal, M., 1991. On Story-Telling: Essays in Narratology, Sonoma, CA.
—, 1997. Narratology. Introduction to the Theory of Narrative, 2nd revised ed., Toronto/Buffalo/London.
— (ed.), 1999. The Practice of Cultural Analysis: Exposing Interdisciplinary Interpretation, Stanford.
Balcer, J.M., 1987. Herodotus and Bisitun: Problems in Ancient Persian Historiography, Stuttgart.
Balke, T.E., 2002. ‘Die sumerischen Dimensionaladjektive nim und sig’, in Loretz, O./Metzler,
K.A./Schaudig, H. (eds), Ex Mesopotamia et Syria lux: Festschrift für Manfried Dietrich zu seinem
65. Geburtstag, AOAT 281, Münster: 42–78.
Baqir, T., 1948. ‘Excavations at Harmal’, Sumer 4: 137–39.
—, 1949. ‘Date formulae from Dhiba’i’, Sumer 4: 140–3.
—, 1950a. ‘An important mathematical problem text from Tell Harmal (on a Euclidean theorem)’, Sumer 6:
39–54.
—, 1950b. ‘Another important mathematical text from Tell Harmal’, Sumer 6: 130–48.
—, 1951. ‘Some more mathematical texts from Tell Harmal’, Sumer 7: 28–45.
—, 1962. ‘Tell Dhiba’i: new mathematical texts’, Sumer 18: 11–14.
Bar-Kochva, B., 1976. The Seleucid Army: Organization and Tactics in the Great Campaigns, Cambridge.
Barnett, R.D., 1960. Assyrian Palace Reliefs and their Influence on the Sculptures of Babylonia and Persia,
London.
—, 1963. ‘Xenophon and the Wall of Media’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 83: 1–26.
Barrelet, M.-T., 1974. ‘La “figure du roi” dans l’iconographie et dans les textes depuis Ur-Nanše jusqu’à la
fin de la Ire dynastie de Babylone’, in Garelli, P. (ed.), Le Palais et la royauté, CRRA 19, Paris: 27–
138.
—, 1987. ‘En marge de l’étude de quelques empreintes de cylindres-seaux trouvés dans le palais de Mari’,
MARI 5: 53–64.
Barret, W., 1584. ‘The money and measures of Babylon, Balsara, and the Indies, with the customes, &c,
written from Aleppo in Syria, An. 1584, by M. Will. Barret’, in Hakluyt, R., The Principal
Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation [1598 London; 1904 edition,
1–9, Hakluyt Society, Glasgow].
Barton, T., 1994. Ancient Astrology, London.
Bauer, J., 1972. Altsumerischewirtschaftstexte aus Lagasch. Berlin.
Bazin, D. and Hübner, H., 1969. Copper deposits in Iran, Geological Survey of Iran Report 13, Tehran.
436
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Beaulieu, P.-A., 1997. ‘The cult of AN.ŠÁR/Aššur in Babylonia after the fall of the Assyrian Empire’, SAAB
11: 55–73.
Beawes, W., 1745. ‘Remarks and occurrences in a journey from Aleppo to Bassora, by the way of the desert’,
in Carruthers, D. (ed.), Desert Route to India. Being the Journals of Four Travellers by the Great
Desert Caravan Route between Aleppo and Basra, 1745–1751 [1929: 5–43, Hakluyt Society,
London].
Beckman, G., 1983. Hittite Birth Rituals, StBoT 29, Weisbaden.
— and Foster, B.R., 1988. ‘Assyrian scholarly texts in the Yale Babylonian Collection’, in Leichty, E./Ellis,
M. de J./Gerardi, P. (eds), A Scientific Humanist: Studies in Memory of Abraham Sachs, OPSNKF 9,
Philadelphia: 1–26.
— and Lewis, T.J., 2006. Text, Artifact, and Image: Revealing Ancient Israelite Religion, Brown Judaic
Studies 346, Providence.
Behrens, H. and Steible, H., 1983. Glossar zu den altsumerischen Bau- und Weihinschriften, FAOS 6,
Wiesbaden.
Bell, C., 1997. Ritual. Perspectives and Dimensions, Oxford.
Ben-Barak, Z., 1980. ‘The coronation ceremony in ancient Mesopotamia’, OLP 11: 55–67.
Benjamin of Tudela, 1907. The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela. Critical text, translation and commentary by
M.N. Adler, London.
Berger, P.-R., 1975. ‘Der Kyros-Zylinder mit dem Zusatzfragment BIN II Nr. 32 und die akkadischen
Personennamen im Danielbuch’, ZA 64: 192–234.
Berger, P.L. and Luckmann, T., 1967. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of
Knowledge, Garden City, NY.
Berlejung, A., 1996. ‘Die Macht der Insignien. Überlegungen zu einem Ritual der Investitur des Königs und
dessen königsideologischen Implikationen’, UF 28: 1–35.
—, 1998. Die Theologie der Bilder. Herstellung und Einweihung von Kultbildern in Mesopotamien und die
alttestamentliche Bilderpolitik, OBO 162, Fribourg/Göttingen.
Bernhardsson, M., 2005. Reclaiming a Plundered Past: Archaeology and Nation Building in Modern Iraq,
Austin.
Berthoud, T., Bonnefous, S., Dechoux, M. and Franšaix, J., 1980. ‘Data analysis: towards a model of
chemical modification of copper from ores to metal’, in Craddock, R.T. (ed.), Proceedings of the
XIXth Symposium on Archaeometry, London: 87–102.
Bewsher, J.B., 1867. ‘On part of Mesopotamia contained between Sheriat-el-Beytha, on the Tigris, and Tell
Ibrahim’, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 37: 160–82.
Beyer, D. 1985. ‘Nouveaux documents iconographiques de l’époque des Shakkanakku de Mari’, MARI 4:
173–89.
Biga, M.G., 1998. ‘The marriage of the Eblaite princess Tagriš-Damu with a son of Nagar’s king’, Subartu
4/2: 17–22.
Biggs, R.D., 1967. ŠÀ.ZI.GA Ancient Mesopotamian Potency Incantations, TCS 2, Locust Valley.
—, 1974. Inscriptions from Tell Abu Salabikh, OIP 99, Chicago.
Bivar, A., 1998.‘Babylon or Persis? A crux of the Behistun Inscription’, in Boucharlat, R./Curtis, J./Haerinck,
E. (eds), Neo-Assyrian, Median, Achaemenian and Other Studies in Honor of David Stronach, vol.
1, Iranica Antiqua 33, Leuven: 187–94.
Black, J.A., 1984. ‘The history of Parthia and Characene in the second century AD’, Sumer 43: 230–4.
—, 1984/1991. Sumerian Grammar in Babylonian Theory, Studia Pohl: series maior 12, Rome (2nd ed.
1991).
—, 1987. ‘Sumerian balag compositions’, BiOr 44: 31–79.
—, 1988. ‘The slain heroes: some monsters of ancient Mesopotamia’, Bulletin of the Canadian Society for
Mesopotamian Studies 15: 19–25.
—, 1996. ‘The imagery of birds in Sumerian poetry’, in Vogelzang, M.E./Vanstiphout, H.L.J. (eds),
Mesopotamian Poetic Language: Sumerian and Akkadian, Proceedings of the Groningen Group for
the Study of Mesopotamian Literature 2, CM 6, Groningen: 23–46.
—, 1998. Reading Sumerian Poetry, London.
—, 2002a. ‘Sumerian lexical categories’, ZA 92: 60–77.
—, 2002b. ‘The Sumerians in their landscape’, in Abusch, T. (ed.), Riches Hidden in Secret Places: Ancient
Near Eastern Studies in Memory of Thorkild Jacobsen, Winona Lake: 41–61.
—, 2003. ‘Sumerian noises: ideophones in context’, in Sallaberger, W. (ed.), Literatur, Politik, und Recht in
Mesopotamien: Festschrift für Claus Wilcke, Wiesbaden: 35–52.
—, 2005. ‘Songs of the goddess Aruru’, in Sefati, Y./Artzi, P./Cohen, C./Eichler, B.L./Hurowitz, V.A. (eds),
An Experienced Scribe who Neglects Nothing: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Jacob
Klein, Bethesda, MD: 39–62.
— and Al-Rawi, F.N.H., 1987. ‘A contribution to the study of Akkadian bird names’, ZA 77: 117–26.
—, Cunningham, G., Robson, E. and Zólyomi, G., 2004. The Literature of Ancient Sumer, Oxford.
—, and Green, A. 1992. Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia, London.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
437
— and Zólyomi, G. (eds.), 2000 [2005]. Special Volume in Honor of Professor Mamoru Yoshikawa, 1. The
Study of Diachronic and Synchronic Variation in Sumerian: Papers Presented at the 6th Meeting of
the Sumerian Grammar Discussion Group, Oxford, 17th and 18th September 1999. ASJ 22.
Black, J. et al., 1998–2006. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford (http://wwwetcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/).
Blickman, D.H., 1987. ‘Styx and the iustice of Zeus in Hesiod’s Theogony’, Phoenix 41: 341–55.
Blocher, F., 1992a. Siegelabrollungen auf frühaltbabylonischen Tontafeln in der Yale Babylonian Collection,
MVS 9, Munich.
—, 1992b. Siegelabrollungen auf frühaltbabylonischen Tontafeln im British Museum, MVS 10, Munich.
—, 2003. ‘Wann wurde Puzur-Eštar zum Gott?’, in J. Renger (ed.), Babylon: Focus Mesopotamischer
Geschichte, Wiege früher Gelehrsamkeit, Mythos in der Moderne, CDOG 2, Saarbrücken: 253–69.
Böck, B., 2000. Die Babylonisch-assyrische Morphoskopie, AfO Bh. 27, Vienna.
—, 2003. ‘When you perform the ritual of “rubbing”: on medicine and magic in ancient Mesopotamia’,
JNES 62: 1–16.
Boehmer, R.M. 1965. Die Entwicklung der Glyptik während der Akkad-Zeit, Untersuchungen zur
Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie 4, Berlin.
—, 1980–3. ‘Kopfbedeckung’, RlA 6: 203–10.
Boese, J. and Sallaberger, W., 1996. ‘Apil-kin von Mari und die Könige der III. Dynastie von Ur’, AoF 23:
24–39.
Bongenaar, A.C.V.M., 1997. The Neo-Babylonian Ebabbar Temple at Sippar: its Administration and its
Prosopography, PIHANS 80, Istanbul.
Bonomi, J., 1856. Nineveh and its Palaces. The Discoveries of Botta and Layard, Applied to the Elucidation
of Holy Writ, London.
Borger, R., 1956. Die Inschriften Asarhaddons Königs von Assyien, AfO Bh. 9, Graz.
—, 1967. Handbuch der Keilschriftliteratur I, Berlin.
—, 1973. ‘Die Weihe eines Enlil-Priesters’, BiOr 30: 163–76.
—, 2004. Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexicon, AOAT 305, Münster.
Börker-Klähn, J., 1982. Altvorderasiatische Bildstelen und vergleichbare Felsreliefs, BaF 4, Mainz am
Rhein.
Borsje, J., 1996. From Chaos to Enemy: Encounters With Monsters in Early Irish Texts. An Investigation
Related to the Process of Christianization and the Concept of Evil, Instrumenta Patristica 29,
Turnhout.
Bottéro, J., 2001. Religion in Ancient Mesopotamia, Chicago (transl. by T. Fagan from La plus vieille
religion: En Mésopotamie, Paris, 1998).
Brack-Bernsen, L. and Hunger, H., 2002. ‘TU 11: A collection of rules for the prediction of lunar phases and
of month lengths’, SCIAMVS 3: 3–90.
Braun-Holzinger, E.A., 1984. Figürliche Bronzen aus Mesopotamien, Prähistorische Bronzefunde I.4,
Munich.
—, 1991. Mesopotamische Weihgaben der frühdynastischen bis altbabylonischen Zeit, HSAO 3, Heidelberg.
—, 1996. ‘Altbabylonische Götter und ihre Symbole: Bennenung mit Hilfe der Siegellegenden’, Bagh. Mitt.
27: 235–359.
—, 2007. Das Herrscherbild in Mesopotamien und Elam: spätes 4. bis frühes 2. Jt. V. Chr, AOAT 342,
Münster.
Briant, P., 2002. From Cyrus to Alexander: a History of the Persian Empire, Winona Lake.
Brisch, N. (ed.), 2008. Religion and Power: Divine Kingship in the Ancient World and Beyond, Oriental
Institute Seminars 4, Chicago.
Brooke-Rose, C., 1981. A Rhetoric of the Unreal. Studies in Narrative and Structure, Especially of the
Fantastic, Cambridge.
Brown, D., 2000. Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology, CM 18, Groningen.
—, 2003. ‘The scientific revolution of 700 BC’, in MacDonald, A./Twomey, M.W./Reinink, G.J (eds),
Learned Antiquity: Scholarship and Society in the Near-East, the Greco-Roman World, and the
Early Medieval West. Leuven/Paris/Dudley, MA: 1–12.
—, 2008. ‘Increasingly redundant: the growing obsolescence of the cuneiform script in Babylonia from 539
BC’, in Baines, J./Bennet, J./Houston, S. (eds), The Disappearance of Writing Systems: Perspectives
on Literacy and Communication, London: 73–101.
Bruins, E.M., 1953a. ‘Revision of the mathematical texts from Tell Harmal’, Sumer 9: 241–53.
—, 1953b. ‘Three geometrical problems’, Sumer 9: 255–9.
—, 1954. ‘Some mathematical texts’, Sumer 10: 55–61.
—, 1964. Codex Constantinopolitanus Palatii Veteris no. 1, Janus Supplements 2, Leiden.
— and Rutten, M., 1961. Textes mathématiques de Suse, Mémoires de la Mission Archéologique en Iran 34,
Paris.
Buccellati, G., 1981. ‘Wisdom and not: the case of Mesopotamia’, JAOS 101: 35–47.
—, 1996. A Structural Grammar of Babylonian, Wiesbaden.
Buchanan, B., 1981. Early Near Eastern Seals in the Yale Babylonian Collection, New Haven.
438
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Buckingham, J.S., 1825. Travels among the Arab Tribes, London.
—, 1827. Travels in Mesopotamia, 2 vols, London.
—, 1855. Autobiography of James Silk Buckingham, Including his Voyages, Travels, Adventures,
Speculations, Successes and Failures, Faithfully and Frankly Narrated…, London.
Bürde, C., 1974. Hethitische medizinische Texte, StBoT 19, Wiesbaden.
Burkert, W., 1986. ‘Oriental and Greek mythology: the meeting of parallels’, in Bremmer, J. (ed.),
Interpretations of Greek Mythology, Tatowa, NJ: 10–40.
Burstein, S.M., 1978. The Babyloniaca of Berossus, SANE 1/5, Malibu.
Butz, K., 1984. ‘On salt again ... . Lexikalische Randbemerkungen’, JESHO 27: 273–316.
Cameron, G.G., 1936. History of Early Iran, Chicago/London.
Canby, J.V., 2001. The “Ur-Nammu” Stela, University Museum Monographs 110, Philadelphia.
Carruthers, D. (ed.), 1929. Desert Route to India. Being the Journals of Four Travellers by the Great Desert
Caravan Route between Aleppo and Basra, 1745–1751, Hakluyt Society, London.
Catagnoti, A., 1989. ‘I NE.DI nei testi amministrativi degli archivi di Ebla’, in Fronzaroli, P. (ed.),
Miscellanea Eblaitica 2, Florence: 149–201.
Cavigneaux, A., 1981. Textes scolaires du temple de Nabû ša Ḫarê, Texts from Babylon 1, Baghdad.
—, 1983. ‘Lexikalische Listen’, RlA 6: 609–41.
—, 1996. Uruk: Altbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat Pe XVI-4/5, AUWE 23, Mainz am Rhein.
—, 1999. ‘A scholar’s library in Meturan? With an edition of the tablet H 72 (Textes de Tell Haddad VII)’, in
Abusch, T./van der Toorn, K. (eds), Mesopotamian Magic: Textual, Historical, and Interpretative
Perspectives, AMD 1, Groningen: 253–73.
Cavigneaux, A., 2007. ‘Une crux sargonica et les quatre vents’, Orientalia NS 76: 169–73.
— and Al-Rawi, F.N.H., 1993. ‘Gilgameš et taureau de ciel (šul-mè-kam) (Textes de Tell Haddad IV)’, RA
87: 97–127.
Chanady, A.B., 1985. Magical Realism and the Fantastic: Resolved versus Unresolved Antinomy, New York/
London.
Charles, M.P., 1987. ‘Onions, cucumbers and the date palm’, BSA 3: 1–22.
Charpin, D., 1986. Le clergé d’Ur au siècle d'Hammurabi (XIXe-XVIIIe siècles av. J.-C.), École pratique des
Hautes études, 4. section, Sciences historiques et philologiques 2, Hautes études orientales 22,
Geneva/Paris.
—, 1987. ‘A propos du site de Tell Harmal’, NABU 1987/117.
—, 2004. ‘Histoire politique du Proche-Orient amorrite (2002–1595)’, in Charpin, D./Edzard, D.O./Stol, M.,
Mesopotamien: die altbabylonische Zeit, OBO 160/4, Fribourg/Göttingen: 25–480.
Chegini, N.N., Momenzadeh, M., Parzinger, H., Pernicka, E., Stöllner, T., Vatandoust, R. and Weisgerber, G.,
2000. ‘Preliminary report on archaeometallurgical investigations around the prehistoric site of
Arisman near Kashan, western Central Iran’, AMI 32: 281–318.
Çığ, M.I., 1992. ‘Eskibabil çağına ait iki tüketim listesi’, in Otten, H./Ertem, H./Akurgal, E./Süel, A. (eds),
Hittite and other Anatolian and Near Eastern Studies in Honour of Sedat Alp, Ankara: 92–6.
—, Kızılyay, H. and Kramer, S.N. 1969. Istanbul Arkeoloji Muzelerinde Bulunan Sumer Edebi Tablet ve
Parçaları I / Sumerian Literary Tablets and Fragments in the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul I,
Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları VI/13, Ankara.
—, Kızılyay, H. and Landsberger, B., 1959. Eski babil zamanına ait Nippur menseli iki okul kitabı. Zwei
altbabylonische Schulbücher aus Nippur, Ankara.
—, Kızılyay, H. and Salonen, A., 1956. Die Puzris-Dagan-Texte der Istanbuler Archaologischen Museen
Part 1 [= texts 1-725], AASF B 92, Helsinki.
Civil, M., 1961. ‘The Home of the Fish: a new Sumerian literary composition’, Iraq 23: 154–75.
—, 1964. ‘The “Message of lú-dingir-ra to his mother” and a group of Akkado-Hittite “proverbs”’, JNES 23:
1–11.
—, 1968. ‘Išme-Dagan and Enlil’s chariot’, JAOS 88: 3–14.
— (ed.), 1969. The Series lú–ša and Related Texts, MSL 12, Rome.
—, 1976. ‘The song of the plowing oxen’, in Eichler, B.L. (ed.), Kramer Anniversary Volume: Cuneiform
Studies in Honour of Samuel Noah Kramer, AOAT 25, Kevelaer/Neukirchen-Vluyn: 83–95.
—, 1982. ‘Studies on Early Dynastic lexicography I’, Oriens Antiquus 21: 1–26.
—, 1983a. ‘An Early Dynastic school exercise from Lagaš (Al-Hiba 29)’, BiOr 40: 559–66.
—, 1983b. ‘Early Dynastic Spellings’, Oriens Antiquus 22: 1–5.
—, 1983c. ‘The 10th tablet of úru àm-ma-ir-ra-bi’, Aula Orientalis 1: 45–54.
—, 1984. ‘Studies in Early Dynastic lexicography II.3 Word List D 50–57 (ARET 5 no. 23)’, ZA 74: 161–3.
—, 1985. ‘On some texts mentioning Ur-Namma’, Orientalia NS 54: 27–45.
—, 1987a. ‘Feeding Dumuzi’s sheep: the lexicon as a source of literary inspiration’, in Rochberg-Halton, F.
(ed.), Language, Literature, and History: Philological and Historical Studies Presented to Erica
Reiner, New Haven: 37–55.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
439
—, 1987b. ‘The early history of ḪAR-ra: the Ebla link’, in Cagni, L. (ed.), Ebla 1975–1985: dieci anni di
studi linguistici e filologici atti del convegno internazionale (Napoli, 9–11 ottobre 1985), Naples:
131–58.
—, 1989. ‘The texts from Meskene-Emar’, Aula Orientalis 7: 5–25.
—, 1994. The Farmer’s Instructions: A Sumerian Agricultural Manual, AuOr Supplementa 5, Sabadell.
—, 1995. ‘Ancient Mesopotamian lexicography’, in Sasson, J. (ed.), Civilizations of the Ancient Near East,
New York: 2305–14.
—, 1998. ‘“Adamdun”, the hippopotamus, and the crocodile’, JCS 50: 11–14.
—, 2000 [2005]. ‘Modal prefixes’, ASJ 22: 29–42.
—, 2003a. ‘Of bows and arrows’, JCS 55: 49–54.
—, 2003b. ‘Reading Gilgameš II: Gilgameš and Huwawa’, in Sallaberger, W./Volk, K./Zgoll, A. (eds),
Literatur, Politik und Recht in Mesopotamien. Festschrift für Claus Wilcke, OBC 14, Wiesbaden:
77–86.
— and Biggs, R.D., 1966. ‘Notes sur des textes sumériens archaïques’, RA 60: 1–16.
— and Zettler, R., 1989. ‘The statue of Šulgi-ki-ur5-sag9-kalam-ma’, in Behrens, H./Loding, D.M./Roth, M.T.
(eds), DUMU-E2-DUB-BA-A: Studies in Honor of Åke W. Sjöberg, OPSNKF 11, Philadelphia: 49–
77.
Cohen, J.J., 1996. ‘Monster culture (seven theses)’, in Cohen, J.J. (ed.), Monster Theory. Reading Culture,
Minneapolis: 3–25.
Cohen, M.E., 1975. ‘ur.sag.me.shár.ur4: a shirnamshubba to Ninurta’, Welt des Orients 8: 22–36.
—, 1976. ‘Literary texts from the Andrews University Archaeological Museum’, RA 70: 129–44.
—, 1988. The Canonical Lamentations of Ancient Mesopotamia, 2 vols, Potomac, MD.
—, 1993a. The Cultic Calendars of the Ancient Near East, Bethesda, MD.
—, 1993b. ‘Two versions of a Fara-period name-list’, in Cohen, M.E., Snell, D.C. and Weisberg, D.B. (eds),
The Tablet and the Scroll. Near Eastern Studies in Honor of William W. Hallo, Bethesda, MD: 79–
86.
Cohen, Y., 2002. ‘The West Semitic/peripheral Akkadian term for “lung”’, JAOS 122: 824–7.
—, 2006. ‘Hittite GIŠ/GIkurtal(i), Akkadian naB-Bu, and the Cuneiform Sign NAB’, JAOS 126: 419–23.
—, 2009. The Scribes and Scholars of the City of Emar in the Late Bronze Age, HSS 59, Winona Lake, IN.
—, forthcoming. ‘The second glosses in the Emar lexical lists: West Semitic or Akkadian?’, in Kogan, L.
(ed.), Proceedings of the 53rd Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Moscow and St. Petersburg,
Babel und Bibel 4/5, Winona Lake, IN.
Cole, S.W., 1996. Nippur in Late Assyrian Times, SAAS 4, Helsinki.
Collon, D., 1982. Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum. Cylinder Seals II: Akkadian,
Post Akkadian, Ur III Periods, London.
—, 1986. Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum. Cylinder Seals III: Isin-Larsa and
Old Babylonian Periods, London.
—, 1990. ‘The life and time of Teheš-atal’, RA 84: 129–36.
Comrie, B., 1989. Language Universals and Linguistic Typology, 2nd ed., Chicago.
Conti, G., 1988. ‘Su una nuova attestazione di i7-zubi(r)’, RA 82: 115–30.
Cooper, J.S., 1978. The Return of Ninurta to Nippur: an-gim dím-ma, AnOr 52, Rome.
—, 1986. Sumerian and Akkadian Royal Inscriptions, I: Presargonic Inscriptions. New Haven, CT.
—, 1999. ‘Littérature sumérienne’, in Briend, J./Quesnel, M. (eds), Supplément au dictionnaire de la Bible,
Fasc. 72, Paris: 226–48.
—, 2001. ‘Literature and history: the historical and political referents of Sumerian literary texts’, in Abusch,
Z./Beaulieu, P.-A./Huehnergard, J./Machinist, P./Steinkeller, P. (eds), Proceedings of the XLVe
Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Part I, Harvard University: Historiography in the
Cuneiform World, CRRA 45, Bethesda: 131–48.
Cornford, F.M., 1952. Principium Sapientiae. The Origins of Greek Philosophical Thought, Cambridge.
Cristofaro, S., 2003. Subordination, Oxford.
Crook, S., 1998. ‘Minotaurs and other monsters’, Sociology 32: 523–40.
Cryer, F.H., 1994. Divination in Ancient Israel and its Near Eastern Environment: a Socio-Historical
Investigation, Sheffield.
Crystal, D., 2003. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 5th ed., Oxford.
Cunningham, G., 1997. ‘Deliver me from evil’. Mesoptamian incantations 2500–1500 BC, Studia Pohl:
Series Maior 17, Rome.
—, 2008. ‘Identifying Sumerian compound nouns’, in Biggs, R.D./Myers, J./Roth, M.T. (eds), Proceedings
of the 51st Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale Held at the Oriental Institute of the University
of Chicago July 18–22, 2005, SAOC 62, Chicago: 17–24.
Dalley, S., 1993. ‘Assyria after 612’, AoF 20: 134–47.
—, 1997. ‘Statues of Marduk and the date of Enūma Eliš’, AoF 24: 163–71.
—, 2005. Old Babylonian Texts in the Ashmolean Museum, mainly from Larsa, Sippir, Kish, and Lagaba,
OECT 15, Oxford.
440
BIBLIOGRAPHY
— and Postgate, J.N., 1984. The Tablets from Fort Shalmaneser, CTN 3, London.
Damerji, M.S., 1973. Die Entwicklung der Tür- und Torarchitektur in Mesopotamien, Munich.
Dandamaev, M., 1976. Persien unter den ersten Achämeniden (6. Jahrhundert c. Chr.), Beitrage zur Iranistik
8, Wiesbaden.
—, 1995. ‘Assyrian traditions during Achaemenid times’, in Parpola, S./Whiting, R.M. (eds), Assyria 1995.
Proceedings of the 10th Anniversary Symposium of the Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, Helsinki,
September 7–11, 1995, Helsinki: 41–8.
Darby, W.J., Ghalioungui, P., and Grivetti, L., 1977. Food: the Gift of Osiris, London.
Davidson, A., 1999. Oxford Companion to Food, Oxford.
de Certeau, M., 1984. The Practice of Everyday Life, Berkeley.
de Genouillac, H., 1909. Tablettes sumériennes archaïques, Paris.
—, 1924–5. Fouilles françaises d’El-’Akhymer: premières recherches archéologiques à Kich, 2 vols, Paris.
Deimel, A., 1923. Die Inschriften von Fara II: Schultexte aus Fara, WVDOG 43, Leipzig.
—, 1925. ‘Der Gemüsebau bei den alten Šumerern’, Orientalia 17: 1–33.
della Valle, Pietro, 1663. The Travels of Sig. Pietro della Valle, a Noble Roman, into East India and Arabia
Deserta, London.
Deller, K. and Donbaz, V., 1987. ‘Sanheribs Zababa-Tempel in Aššur’, Bagh. Mitt. 18: 221–8.
—, Fales, F.M. and Jakob-Rost, L., 1995. ‘Neo-Assyrian texts from Assur. Private archives in the
Vorderasiatisches Museum of Berlin, Part 2’, SAAB 9: 1–137.
Denyer, N., 1985. ‘The case against divination: an examination of Cicero’s De Divinatione’, Proc. Camb.
Phil. Soc. 211 (NS 31): 1–10.
Deutscher, G., 2002. ‘The Akkadian relative clauses in cross-linguistic perspective’, ZA 92: 86–105.
de Vaux, R., 1973. Ancient Israel, its Life and Institutions, London (paperback ed.).
Dietrich, M., 1989. ‘Das Einsetzungsritual der Entu von Emar (Emar 6/3, 369)’, UF 21: 47–100.
—, 1991. ‘Der Dialog zwischen Šūpē-amēli und seinem “Vater”. Die Tradition babylonischer
Weisheitssprüche im Westen’, UF 23: 33–68.
—, 1993. ‘Babylonian literary texts from Western libraries’, in de Moor, J.C./Watson, W.G.E. (eds), Verse in
Ancient Near Eastern Prose, AOAT 42, Kevelaer/Neukirchen-Vluyn: 41–67.
—, 2001. ‘(Nur) einer, der von Sünde nichts weiß, eilt zu seinen Göttern”. Der altorientalische Mensch vor
seiner Gottheit’, in Albertz, R. (ed.), Kult, Konflikt und Versöhnung. Beiträge zur kultischen Sühne
[...], AOAT 285, Münster: 73–97.
Dixon, R.M.W., 2004. ‘Adjective classes in typological perspective’, in Dixon, R.M.W./Aikhenvald, A.Y.
(eds), Adjective Classes: A Cross-linguistic Typology, Cambridge: 1–49.
— and Aikhenvald, A.Y., 2002. ‘Word: a typological framework’, in Dixon, R.M.W./Aikhenvald, A.Y. (eds),
Word: A Cross-linguistic Typology. Cambridge: 1–41.
Donbaz, V. and Parpola, S., 2001. Neo-Assyrian Legal Texts in Istanbul, StAT 2, Saarbrücken.
— and Yoffee, N., 1986. Old Babylonian Texts from Kish Conserved in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum,
BiMes 17, Malibu.
Duff, D. (ed.), 2000. Modern Genre Theory, Harlow.
Dumézil, G., 1969. La heur et malheur du guerrier. Aspects mythiques de la fonction guerrière chez les IndoEuropéens, Collection Hier, Paris.
Durand, J.-M., 1983. Textes administratifs des salles 134 et 160 du palais de Mari, ARM 21, Paris.
—, 1993. ‘Le mythologème du combat entre le dieu de l’orage et la mer en Mésopotamie’, MARI 7: 41–61.
— and Marti, L., 2004. ‘Les texts hépatoscopiques d’Émar (I)’, Journal Asiatique 292: 1–61.
Ebeling, E., 1918. Quellen zur Kenntnis der babylonischen Religion I, Mitteilungen der vorderasiatischaegyptischen Gesellschaft 23/I, Leipzig.
—, 1919–20. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts I-II, WVDOG 28 and 34, Leipzig.
—, 1931. Tod und Leben nach den Vorstellungen der Babylonier, Teil 1. Texte. Berlin/Leipzig.
—, 1950. Parfümrezepte und kultische Texte aus Assur, Pontificio Istituto Biblico Scripta 101, Rome.
—, 1953. Literarische Keilschrifttexte aus Assur, Berlin.
—, 1954. Stiftungen und Vorschriften für assyrische Tempel, Berlin.
Edzard, D.O., 1959-60. ‘Neue Inschriften zur Geschichte von Ur III unter Šu-Suen’, AfO 19: 1–32.
—, 1990. ‘Gilgameš und Huwawa A. I Teil’, ZA 80: 124–64.
—, 1991. ‘Gilgameš und Huwawa A. II. Teil’, ZA 81: 165–233.
—, 1993. ‘“Gilgameš und Huwawa”. Zwei Versionen der sumerischen Zedernwaldepisode nebst einer
Edition von Version “B”’, Sitzungberichte der BAW. Phil.-hist. Kl. Jahrgang 1993, Heft 4. Munich.
—, 1997. Gudea and His Dynasty, RIME 3/1, Toronto/Buffalo/London.
—, 1998–2001. ‘Name, Namengebung (Onomastik). A. Sumerisch’, RlA 9: 94–103.
—, 2000 [2005]. ‘Wann is Sumerisch als gesprochene Sprache ausgestorben?’, ASJ 22: 53–70.
—, 2003a. Sumerian Grammar, HdO 71, Leiden.
—, 2003b. ‘Enlil, Vater der Götter’, in Semitic and Assyriological Studies Presented to Pelio Fronzaroli by
Pupils and Colleagues, Wiesbaden: 173–84.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
441
— and Farber, G., 1974. Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der Zeit der 3. Dynastie von Ur, RGTC 2,
Wiesbaden.
— and Renger, J., 1980–3. ‘Königsinschriften’, RlA 6: 59–77.
— and Röllig, W., 1976–80. ‘Kimaš’, RlA 5: 593.
Eldred, J., 1583. ‘The voyage of Mr John Eldred to Tripolis in Syria by sea, and from thence by land to
Babylon and Balsara’, in Hakluyt, R., The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and
Discoveries of the English Nation (1598 London; 1904 edition, 1–9, Hakluyt Society, Glasgow).
Ellis, L.E., 2004. ‘Smith, (Arthur) Lionel Forster (1880–1972)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,
Oxford, available at: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31694 (accessed 16 August 2005)
Ellis, M., 1987. ‘The goddess Kititum speaks to King Ibalpiel: oracle texts from Ischali’, in MARI 1: 235–66.
Englund, R.K., 1998. ‘Texts from the Late Uruk period’, in Attinger, P./Wäfler, M. (eds), Mesopotamien.
Späturuk-Zeit und Frühdynastische Zeit. Annäherungen 1, OBO 160/1, Fribourg: 15–233.
— and Grégoire, J.-P., 1991. The Proto-Cuneiform Texts from Jemdet Nasr, I: Copies, Transliterations and
Sign Glossary, Materialien zu den frühen Schriftzeugnissen des Vorderen Orients 1, Berlin.
— and Nissen, H.J., 1993. Die lexikalischen Listen der archaischen Texte aus Uruk, Archaische Texte aus
Uruk 3, Berlin.
Epping, J. and Strassmaier, J.N., 1891. ‘Neue babylonische Planeten-Tafeln’, ZA 6: 217–44.
Erkens, F.-R. (ed.), 2002. Die Sakralität von Herrschaft: Herrschaftslegitimierung im Wechsel der Zeiten und
Räume, Berlin.
Evans, N., 2000. ‘Word classes in the world’s languages’, in Booij, G./Lehmann, C./Mugdan, J. (eds),
Morphology: An International Handbook on Inflection and Word Formation, vol. 1, Berlin: 708–32.
Evliya Effendi, 1834-1850. Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia and Africa in the 17th Century by Evliya
Effendi, translated by the Ritter Joseph von Hammer, Oriental Translation Fund, London.
Faivre, X., 1995. ‘Le recyclage des tablettes cunéiformes’, RA 89: 57–66.
Fales, F.M., 1987. ‘Neo-Assyrian texts and fragments from Copenhagen’, SAAB 1: 17–25.
—, 2003. ‘Evidence for east-west contacts in the 8th century BC: the Bukan stele’, in Lanfranchi, G.B./Roaf,
M./Rollinger, R. (eds), Continuity of Empire (?): Assyria, Media, Persia, Padua: 131–48.
Fales, F.M, and Krispijn, T.J.H., 1979-80. ‘An early Ur III copy of the Abu Salabikh “names and
professions” list’, JEOL 26: 39–46.
Falkenstein, A., 1931. Die Haupttypen der sumerischen Beschwörung. Literarisch untersucht, Leipziger
semitistische Studien, Neue Folge 1, Leipzig.
—, 1956. Die neusumerischen Gerichtsurkunden, II: Umschrift, Übersetzung und Kommentar, Munich.
—, 1966. Die Inschriften Gudeas von Lagaš. I: Einleitung, AnOr 30, Rome.
—, 1972. Sumerische und akkadische Hymne und Gebete, Zurich/Stuttgart.
Farber, G. and Farber, W., 2003. ‘Von einem, der auszog, ein gudu4 zu werden’, in Sallaberger, W./Volk,
K./Zgoll, A. (eds), Literatur, Politik und Recht in Mesopotamien. Festschrift für Claus Wilcke, OBC
14, Wiesbaden: 99–114.
Farber, W., 1977. Beschwörungsrituale an Ištar und Dumuzi: attī ištar ša ḫarmaša dumuzi, Akademie der
Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission 30,
Wiesbaden.
Feldt, L., 2003a. ’Monstrøsitet som religiøs diskurs—illustreret af monstertraditioner fra Det gamle
Mesopotamien’, Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift 42: 43–64.
—, 2003b. Monstrous Identities. Narrative Analyses in Sumerian Heroic Literature, MA thesis, University of
Copenhagen, Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies.
Fiandra, E., 1981. ‘Attività a Kish di un mercante di Lagash in epoca presargonica’, Oriens Antiquus 20:
165–74.
Field, H., 1952. The Anthropology of Iraq, Part II, Number 2, Kurdistan, Part II, Number 3, Conclusions,
Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University 46/2–
3, Cambridge, MA.
Fiey, J.M., 1965–9. Assyrie chrétienne, contribution á l’étude de l’histoire et de la géographie
ecclésiastiques et monastiques du nord de l’Iraq, 3 vols, Beirut.
Finkel, I.L., 1986. ‘On the series of Sidu’, ZA 76: 250–3.
— and Seymour, M.J., 2008. Babylon: Myth and Reality, London.
Fischer, C., 1997. ‘Siegelabrollungen im British Museum auf Ur-III-zeitlichen Texten aus der Provinz von
Lagaš: Untersuchungen zu den Verehrungsszenen’, Bagh. Mitt. 28: 97–183.
— 2002. ‘Twilight of the sun-god’, Iraq 44: 125–34.
Fish, T., 1932. Catalogue of Sumerian Tablets in the John Rylands Library, Manchester.
Fleming, D.E., 1992. The Installation of Baal’s High Priestess at Emar. A Window on Ancient Syrian
Religion, HSS 42, Atlanta, GA.
Flückiger-Hawker, E., 1996. ‘Der “Louvre-Katalog” TCL 15 28 und sumerische na-ru2-a-Kompositionen’,
NABU 1996/119.
—, 1999. Urnamma of Ur in Sumerian Literary Tradition, OBO 166, Fribourg/Göttingen.
442
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Forrer, E., 1935. ‘Göttergeschichte als Weltgeschichte im alten Orient’, Forschungen und Fortschritte 11:
398–9.
—, 1936. ‘Eine Geschichte des Götterkönigtums aus dem Hatti-Reiche’, Mélanges Franz Cumont. Annuaire
de l’Institut de Philologie et d’Histoire orientales et slaves 4: 687–713.
Forsyth, N., 1981. ‘Huwawa and his trees: a narrative and cultural analysis’, ASJ 3: 13–30.
Förtsch, W., 1916. Altbabylonische Wirtschaftstexte aus der Zeit Lugalanda’s und Urukagina’s:
Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmäler der Königlichen Museen zu Berlin, Heft XIV, 1. Hälfte, Leipzig.
Foster, B.R., 2004. Review of Vanstiphout 2003, Catholic Biblical Quarterly 66: 636–7.
—, 2005. Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature, 3rd ed., Bethesda, MD.
— and Robson, E., 2004. ‘A new look at the Sargonic mathematical corpus’, ZA 94: 1–15.
Foxvog, D.A., 1976. ‘Texts and fragments’, JCS 28: 101–8.
— 1980. ‘Funerary furnishings in an early Sumerian text from Adab,’ in Alster, B. (ed.), Death in
Mesopotamia. Papers read at the XXVIe Rencontre assyriologique internationale, Copenhagen: 6776.
— , Kilmer, A.D., and Heimpel, W.J., 1980–3. ‘Lamma/Lamassu’, RlA 6: 446–53.
Frahm, E., 1998. ‘Sanherib und die Tempel von Kuyunjik’, in Maul, S.M. (ed.), tikip santakki mala bašmu ...
Festschrift R. Borger, CM 10, Groningen: 107–21.
Francis, W.N., 1992. ‘Language corpora BC’, in Svartvik, J. (ed.), Directions in Corpus Linguistics.
Proceedings of Nobel symposium 82, Stockholm, 4–8 August 1991, Berlin/New York: 17–32.
— and Kučera, H., 1979. Brown Corpus Manual. Manual of Information to Accompany A Standard Corpus
of Present-Day Edited American English, for use with Digital Computers, revised ed., Providence,
(http://khnt.hit.uib.no/icame/manuals/brown/).
Fränkel, H., 1931. ‘Drei Interpretationen aus Hesiod’, in Fraenkel, E./Fränkel, H. (eds), Festschrift für
Richard Reitzenstein zum 2. April 1931, Leipzig/Berlin: 1–22.
Frankfort, H., 1955. Stratified Cylinder Seals from the Diyala Region. With a Chapter by Thorkild Jacobsen,
OIP 72, Chicago.
—, Lloyd, S., Jacobsen, T., and Martiny, G., 1940. The Gimilsin Temple and the Palace of the Rulers at Tell
Asmar, OIP 43, Chicago.
—, Frankfort, H.A., Wilson, J.A., Jacobsen, T. and Irwin, W.A., 1946. The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient
Man, Chicago (1977 ed.).
Frayne, D., 1990. Old Babylonian Period (2003–1595 BC), RIME 4, Toronto.
—, 1991. ‘Historical texts in Haifa: notes on R. Kutscher’s “Brockmon Tablets”’, BiOr 48: 378–409.
—, 1992. The Early Dynastic List of Geographical Names, AOS 74, New Haven.
—, 1993. Sargonic and Gutian Periods (2334–2113 BC), RIME 2, Toronto.
—, 1997. Ur III Period (2112–2004 BC), RIME 3/2, Toronto.
—, 1999. ‘The Zagros campaigns of Šulgi and Amar-Suena’, in Owen, D.I./Wilhelm, G. (eds), Nuzi at
Seventy-five, SCCNH 10, Bethesda: 141–201.
—, 2001.‘The Sumerian Gilgamesh poems’, in Foster, B.R. (ed.), The Epic of Gilgamesh, New York: 99–
154.
—, 2008. Presargonic Period (2700–2350 BC), RIME 1, Toronto.
Friberg, J., 2000. ‘Mathematics at Ur in the Old Babylonian period’, RA 94: 97–188.
—, 2001. ‘Bricks and mud in metro-mathematical cuneiform texts’, in Høyrup, J./Damerow, P. (eds),
Changing Views on Ancient Near Eastern Mathematics, BBVO 19, Berlin: 61–144.
Fuchs, A., 1998. Die Annalen des Jahres 711 v. Chr. nach Prismenfragmenten aus Ninive und Assur, SAAS 8,
Helsinki.
Gadd, C.J., 1948. Ideas of Divine Rule in the Ancient Near East, Oxford.
—, 1963. ‘Two sketches from the life at Ur’, Iraq 25: 177–88.
Garside, R., Leech, G. and McEnery, T., 1997. Corpus Annotation. Linguistic Information from Computer
Text Corpora, London.
Gasche, H., Killick, R.G., Black, J.A. et al. 1987. Ḥabl aṣ-Ṣaḫr 1983–85: Nebuchadnezzar’s Cross-country
Wall North of Sippar, Northern Akkad Project Reports 1, Ghent.
Gauchet, M., 1985/1997. Le désenchantement du monde, Paris (in English: The Disenchantment of the
World: a Political History of Religion, Princeton, 1997).
Gehlken, E., 1990. Spätbabylonische Wirtschaftstexte aus dem Eanna-Archiv I, AUWE 5, Mainz.
Gelb, I.J., 1944. Hurrians and Subarians, SAOC 22, Chicago.
—, 1965. ‘The Philadelphia onion archive’, in Studies in Honor of Benno Landsberger on his seventy-fifth
birthday April 21, 1965, AS 16, Chicago.
— and Kienast, B., 1990. Die altakkadischen Königsinschriftende des dritten Jahrtausends v. Chr, FAOS 7,
Stuttgart.
Geller, M.J., 1980. ‘A Middle Assyrian tablet of Utukkū Lemnūtu, Tablet 12’, Iraq 42: 23–51.
—, 1985. Forerunners to Udug-ḫul. Sumerian Exorcistic Incantations, FAOS 12, Stuttgart.
—, 2000. ‘Incipits and rubrics’, in George, A.R./Finkel, I.L. (eds), Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in
Assyriology in Honour of W. G. Lambert, Winona Lake: 225–58.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
443
—, 2001. ‘A “Kultmittelbeschwörung” in Trinity College Dublin’, ZA 91: 225–37.
—, 2005. Review of Seminara 2001, Orientalia NS 74: 122–8.
—, 2007. Evil Demons. Canonical Utukku Lemnutu Incantations, SAACT 5, Helsinki.
George, A.R., 1988. ‘Babylonian texts from the folios of Sidney Smith, Part One’, RA 82: 139–62.
—, 1991. ‘Babylonian texts from the folios of Sidney Smith, Part Two: prognostic and diagnostic omens’,
RA 85: 137–67.
—, 1992. Babylonian Topographical Texts, OLA 40, Leuven.
—, 1996. ‘Studies in cultic topography and ideology’, BiOr 53: 363–95.
—, 1999. The Epic of Gilgamesh. A New Translation, Harmondsworth (reissued in 2000 as a Penguin
Classic).
—, 2002. ‘How women weep? Reflections on a passage of Bilgames and the Bull of Heaven’, in Parpola, S./
Whiting, R.M. (eds), Sex and Gender in the Ancient Near East, 2 vols, CRRA 47, Helsinki: 141–50.
—, 2003. The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic. Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts, 2 vols,
Oxford.
—, 2004. ‘Royal inscriptions from the folios of Sidney Smith’, in Frame, G. (ed.), From the Upper Sea to the
Lower Sea: Studies on the History of Assyria and Babylonia in Honour of A.K. Grayson, PIHANS
101, Leiden: 137–44.
—, 2006. ‘Babylonian texts from the folios of Sidney Smith, Part Three: a commentary on a ritual of the
month Nisan’, in Guinan, A.K./Ellis, M. de J./Ferrara, A.J./Freedman, S.M./Rutz,
M.T./Sassmannshausen, L./Tinney, S./Waters, M.W. (eds), If a Man Builds a Joyful House:
Assyriological Studies in Honor of Erle Verdun Leichty, CM 31, Leiden: 173–86.
— and Al-Rawi, F.H., 1991/92. ‘Enūma Anu Enlil XIV and other early astronomical tables’, AfO 38/39: 52–
73.
Gentili, P., 2004. ‘A catalogue of Ishchali texts in the Iraq Museum’, JNES 63: 257–75.
Gerson, L., 1990. God and Greek Philosophy: Studies in the Early History of Natural Theology, London.
Gershevitch, I., 1979. ‘The alloglottography of Old Persian’, Transactions of the Philological Society (1979):
114–90.
Gesche, P.D., 2000R. Schulunterricht in Babylonien im ersten Jahrtausend v. Chr., AOAT 275, Münster.
Gibson, M., 1972a. The City and Area of Kish, Miami.
—, 1972b. ‘The archaeological uses of cuneiform documents: patterns of occupation at the city of Kish’,
Iraq 34: 113–23.
—, 1976–80. ‘Kiš. B. Archäologisch’, RlA 5: 613–20.
Givón, T., 1990. Syntax: A Functional-Typological Introduction, vol. 2, Amsterdam/Philadelphia.
Glassner, J.-J., 2003. The Invention of Cuneiform. Writing in Sumer, Baltimore.
Goddeeris, A., 2002. Economy and Society in Northern Babylonia in the Early Old Babylonian Period (ca.
2000–1800 BC), OLA 109, Leuven.
Goetze, A., 1951. ‘A mathematical compendium from Tell Harmal’, Sumer 7: 126–55.
Gong, Y., 2000. Die Namen der Keilschriftzeichen, AOAT 268, Münster.
Gragg, G., 1968. ‘The syntax of copula in Sumerian’, in Verhaar, J. (ed.), The Verbs ‘Be’ and its Synonyms,
Foundations of Language Supplementary Series 8, Dordrecht: 86–109.
—, 1973. ‘A class of “when” clauses in Sumerian’, JNES 32: 124–34.
Granger, S. (ed.), 1998. Learner English on Computer, London.
—, Lerot, J. and Petch-Tyson, S. (eds), 2003. Corpus-based Approaches to Contrastive Linguistics and
Translation Studies, Amsterdam.
Grayson, A.K., 1972–6. Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, 2 vols, Records of the Ancient Near East 1–2,
Wiesbaden.
—, 1974–7. ‘The empire of Sargon of Akkad’, AfO 25: 56–64.
—, 1975. Babylonian Historical-Literary Texts, Toronto.
—, 1980. ‘Assyria and Babylonia’, Orientalia NS 49/2: 140–94.
—, 1991. Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC I (1114–859 BC), RIMA 2, Toronto.
Green, A., 1984. ‘Beneficient spirits and malevolent Demons. The iconography of good and evil in ancient
Mesopotamia’, Visible Religion 3 (Popular Religion): 80–105.
—, 1994. ‘Mischwesen B.’, RlA 8: 246–64.
Green, M.W., 1978. ‘The Eridu Lament’, JCS 30: 127–67.
—, 1981. ‘The construction and implementation of the cuneiform writing system’, Visible Writing 15: 345–
72.
—, 1984a. ‘Early Sumerian tax collectors’, JCS 36: 93–5.
—, 1984b. ‘The Uruk Lament’, JAOS 104: 253–79.
Greenfield, J.C. and Porten, B., 1982. The Bisitun Inscription of Darius the Great: Aramaic Version, Corpus
Inscriptionum Iranicarum, London.
Greengus, S., 1979. Old Babylonian Tablets from Ischali and Vicinity, Uitgaven van et Nederlands
Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul 44, Leiden.
Grégoire J.P., 1981. Inscriptions et archives administratives cunéiformes, MVN 10, Rome.
444
BIBLIOGRAPHY
—, 1996–2001. Contribution a l’histoire sociale, économique, politique et culturelle du Proche-Orient
ancien. Archives administratives et inscriptions cuneiformes de l’Ashmolean Museum et de la
Bodleian Collection d’Oxford (AAICAB) 1, Les sources 1–3, Paris.
Groneberg, B., 1980. Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der altbabylonischen Zeit, RGTC 3, Wiesbaden.
—, 2003. ‘Searching for Akkadian lyrics: from Old Babylonian to the “Liederkatalog” KAR 158’, JCS 55:
55–74.
Grotius, H., 1625. De jure belli ac pacis libri tres, in quibus Jus Naturae & Gentium, item Juris Publici
praecipuaexplicantur, Paris (Editio nova cum Annotatis Auctoris, ex postrema ejus ante obitum cura
multo nunc auctior. Accesserunt & Annotata in Epistolam Pauli ad Philemon. Amsterdam 1646.
Reedited with a translation: I. Reproduction of the Edition of 1646; II. A Translation of the Text by
Francis W. Kelsey, with the collaboration of Arthur E. A. Boak et al. Introduction by James Brown
Scott. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1913–25 = Publication of the Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace Division of International Law, Washington).
Guinan, A., 2002. ‘A severed head laughed: stories of divinatory interpretation’, in Ciraolo, L./Seidel, J.
(eds), Magic and Divination in Ancient World, AMD 2, Leiden: 7–40.
Gurney, O.R., 1952. ‘The Sultantepe tablets’, Anatolian Studies 2: 25–35.
—, 1954–6. ‘The text of Enûma Elîš. New additions and variants’, AfO 17: 353–6.
—, 1977. ‘Inscribed cylinders and cylinder fragments in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford’, in Ellis, M. de J.
(ed.), Essays on the Ancient Near East in Memory of Jacob Joel Finkelstein, Memoirs of the
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 19, Hamden, CT: 93–100.
—, 1981–2. ‘The Sultantepe tablets: addenda and further corrigenda’, AfO 28: 92–112.
— and Finkelstein, J.J., 1957. The Sultantepe Tablets I, Occasional Publications of the British Institute of
Archaeology at Ankara 3, London.
— and Hulin, P., 1964. The Sultantepe Tablets II, Occasional Publications of the British Institute of
Archaeology at Ankara 7, London.
Güterbock, H.G., 1946. Kumarbi. Mythen vom churritischen Kronos aus den hethitischen Fragmenten
zusammengestellt, übersetzt und erklärt, Istanbuler Schriften 16, Zurich.
—, 1948. ‘The Hittite version of the Hurrian Kumarbi myths: Oriental forerunners to Hesiod’, AJA 52: 123–
34.
—, 1957. ‘Narration in Anatolian, Syrian, and Assyrian art’, AJA 61: 62–71.
—, 1980–3. ‘Kumarbi’, RlA 6: 324–30.
— and van den Hout, T.P.J., 1991. The Hittite Instruction for the Royal Bodyguard, AS 24, Chicago.
Haas, V., 1994. Geschichte der hethitischen Religion, HdO 1/15, Leiden.
—, 2002. ‘Der Schicksalsstein: Betrachtungen zu Kbo 32.10 Rs. III’, AoF 29: 234–7.
Haber, E. (Bechar), 2005. The Anticipatory Genitive in the Sumerian Language, dissertation, Ramat-Gan.
Hallo, W.W., 1962. ‘The royal inscriptions of Ur: a typology’, HUCA 33: 1–43.
—, 1963. ‘Royal hymns and Mesopotamian unity’, JCS 17: 11–18.
—, 1973. Sumerian Archival Texts, Tabulae Cuneiformes a F. M. Th. de Liagre Bohl Collectae 3, Leiden.
—, 1975. ‘Toward a history of Sumerian literature’, in Lieberman, S.J. (ed.), Sumerological Studies in Honor
of Thorkild Jacobsen on his Seventieth Birthday, June 7, 1974, AS 20, Chicago: 181–203.
—, 1981. Review of Cooper 1978, JAOS 101: 253–7.
—, 1982. ‘The royal correspondance of Larsa’, in van Driel, G./Krispijn, Th.J.H./Stol, M./Veenhof, K.R.
(eds), Zikir šumim: Assyriological Studies Presented to F. R. Kraus on the Occasion of His
Seventieth Birthday, Leiden: 95–109.
—, 2005. ‘Sumerian history in pictures: a new look at the “Stele of the Flying Angels”’, in Sefati, Y./Artzi,
P./Cohen, C./Eichler, B.L./Hurowitz, V.A. (eds), An Experienced Scribe who Neglects Nothing:
Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Jacob Klein, Bethesda, MD: 142–62.
Hallo, W.W. and Simpson, W.K., 1971. The Ancient Near East: A History, New York.
Hallock, R., 1960. ‘The “one year” of Darius I’, JNES 19: 369.
Hamoudi, K.K., Al-Khayaat, A.A. and Mihawish, N.G., 1989–90. ‘Excavations at Tell Al-Dhiba’i’, Sumer
46: 91*–112* [in Arabic; English translation in Supplement to Sumer 46 (1999): 20–27].
Hanoun, N., 1979. ‘Tell es-Sib’, Sumer 35: 433–9 [in Arabic and English].
Hansen, D., 2002. ‘Through the love of Ishtar’, in al-Gailani Werr, L./Curtis, J./Martin, H./McMahon,
A./Oates, J./Reade, J. (eds), Of Pots and Plans: Papers on the Archaeology and History of
Mesopotamia and Syria presented to David Oates in Honour of his 75th Birthday, London: 91–112.
Harper, P.O., Aruz, J., and Tallon, F., 1992. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the
Louvre, New York.
Harris, R., 1964. ‘The nadītu woman’, in Biggs, R.D./Brinkman, J.A. (eds), Studies Presented to A. Leo
Oppenheim, June 7, 1964, Chicago: 106–35.
—, 1975. Ancient Sippar: A Demographic Study of an Old Babylonian City (1894–1595 BC), Istanbul.
Haspelmath, M., 2000. Indefinite Pronouns, Oxford.
—, 2002. Understanding Morphology, London.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
445
—, 2004. ‘Coordinating constructions: an overview’, in Haspelmath, M. (ed.), Coordinating Constructions,
Amsterdam: 3–39.
Haussperger, M., 1991. Die Einführungsszene: Entwicklung eines Mesopotamischen Motivs von der
altakkadischen bis zum Ende der altbabylonischen Zeit, MVS 11, Munich.
Heeßel, N., 2000. Babylonisch-assyrische Diagnostik, AOAT 43, Münster.
—, 2005. ‘“Stein, Pflanze und Holz” – ein neuer Text zur “Medizinischen Astrologie”’, Orientalia NS 74: 1–
22.
Heimpel, W., 1968. Tierbilder in der Sumerischen Literatur, Studia Pohl: series minor 2, Rome.
—, 1986. ‘The sun at night and the doors of heaven’, JCS 38: 127–51.
—, 1987. ‘Das untere Meer’, ZA 77: 22–91.
—, 1998. ‘Anthropomorphic and bovine lahmus’, in Dietrich, M./Loretz, O. (eds), dub-sar-anta-men, FS
Römer, AOAT 253, Münster: 129–55.
—, 2003. Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes and
Commentary, Winona Lake.
Heine, B. and Kuteva, T., 2002. World Lexicon of Grammaticalization, Cambridge.
Henkelman, W., 2003. ‘Persians, Medes and Elamites: acculturation in the Neo-Elamite period’, in
Lanfranchi, G.B./Roaf, M./Rollinger, R. (eds), Continuity of Empire (?): Assyria, Media, Persia,
Padua: 181–232.
Herbordt, S., 1992. Neuassyrische Glyptik des 8.–7. Jh. v. Chr., SAAS 1, Helsinki.
Herzfeld, E., 1907. ‘Untersuchungen über die historische Topographie der Landschaft am Tigris, kleinen Zâb
und Ǧebel Ḥamrîn’, Memnon 1: 89–143, 217–38.
—, 1968. The Persian Empire: Studies in Geography and Ethnography of the Ancient Near East, Wiesbaden.
Heude, W., 1819. A Voyage up the Persian Gulf, and a Journey Overland from India to England in 1817 …,
London.
Hewsen, R.H., 1988–9. ‘The Vitaxates of Arsacid Armenia: A reexamination of the territorial aspects of the
institution (part one)’, Revue des Études Arméniennes 16: 271–319.
Hilgert, M., 1998. Cuneiform Texts from the Ur III Period in the Oriental Institute. Volume 1. Drehem
Administrative Documents from the Reign of Šulgi, OIP 115, Chicago.
—, 2002. Akkadisch in der Ur III-Zeit, IMGULA 5, Münster.
—, 2003. Cuneiform Texts from the Ur III Period in the Oriental Institute, Volume 2. Drehem Administrative
Documents from the Reign of Amar-Suena. OIP 121, Chicago.
Hirzel, R., 1902. Der Eid. Ein Beitrag zu seiner Geschichte, Leipzig.
Hobsbawm, E. and Ranger, T. (eds), 1983. The Invention of Tradition, Cambridge.
Hoffmann, G., 1880. Auszüge aus syrischen Akten persischer Märtyrer, Abhandlungen für die Kunde des
Morgenlandes VII/3, Leipzig.
Hoffner, H.A., 1997. The Laws of the Hittites: A Critical Edition, Leiden.
—, 2003. ‘On a Hittite lexicographic project’, JAOS 123: 617–25.
Holzer, H. and Momenzadeh, M., 1971. ‘Ancient copper mines in the Veshnoveh area, Kuhestan-e Qom,
West Central Iran’, Archaeologia Austriaca 49: 1–22.
Hopper, P.J. and Traugott, E.C., 2003. Grammaticalization, Cambridge.
Horowitz, W., 1998. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography, MC 8, Winona Lake, IN.
Høyrup, J., 2002a. Lengths, Widths, Surfaces: a Portrait of Old Babylonian Algebra and its Kin, New York.
—, 2002b. ‘How to educate a Kapo, or reflections on the absence of a culture of mathematical problems in
Ur III’, in Steele, J.M./Imhausen, A. (eds), Under One Sky: Astronomy and Mathematics in the
Ancient Near East, AOAT 297, Münster: 121–45.
Hruška, B., 1975. Der Mythenadler Anzû in Literatur und Vorstellung des alten Mesopotamien, Budapest.
—, 1995. Sumerian Agriculture: New Findings, Max-Planck Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Preprint
26, Berlin.
Huber, C., 2000 [2005]. ‘Some remarks on focus and relative clauses in Sumerian’, ASJ 22: 89–111.
Huehnergard, J., 1987. Ugaritic Vocabulary in Syllabic Transcription, HSS 32, Atlanta, GA.
—, 1989. The Akkadian of Ugarit, HSS 34, Atlanta, GA.
—, 1991. ‘More on KI.erṣetu at Emar’, NABU 1991/ 58.
— and Woods, C., 2004. ‘Akkadian and Eblaite’, in Woodard, R.D. (ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of
the World’s Ancient Languages, Cambridge: 218–80.
Hunger, H., 1968. Babylonische und assyrische Kolophone, AOAT 2, Kevelaer/Neukirchen-Vluyn.
—, 1992. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings, SAA 8, Helsinki.
—, 2001. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia, vol. V. Lunar and Planetary Texts,
Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften
299, Vienna.
— and Pingree, D., 1989. Mul.Apin: An Astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform, AfO Bh. 24, Vienna.
— and Sachs, A., 1988–96. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia, 3 vols [vol. 1–1988;
vol. 2–1989; vol. 3– 1996], Vienna.
446
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hurowitz, V.A., 2007. ‘The wisdom of Šūpê-amēlī: a deathbed debate between a father and son’, in Clifford,
R.J. (ed.), Wisdom Literature in Mesopotamia and Israel, Society of Biblical Literature. Symposium
Series 36, Leiden/Boston: 37–51.
Hussey, M.I., 1912. Sumerian Tablets in the Harvard Semitic Museum 1, HSS 3, Cambridge, MA.
Isma’el, K.S., 1999a. ‘A new table of square roots’, Akkadica 112: 18–26.
—, 1999b. ‘A new mathematical text in the Iraqi Museum’, Akkadica 113: 6–12.
Ives, E., 1773. A Voyage from England to India. Also, a Journey from Persia to England, London.
Jackson, R., 1981. Fantasy. The Literature of Subversion, London/New York.
Jacobsen, T., 1946. Review of Kramer 1944, JNES 5: 128–52.
—, 1949. ‘The cosmos as a state’, in Frankfort, H./Frankfort, H.A./Wilson, J.A./Jacobsen, T., Before
Philosophy: The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man, Harmondsworth: 137–99.
—, 1976. The Treasures of Darkness. A History of Mesopotamian Religion, New Haven.
—, 1987. The Harps That Once ... Sumerian Poetry in Translation, New Haven/London.
—, 1989. ‘The lil2 of dEn-lil2’, in Behrens, H./Loding, D.M./Roth, M.T. (eds), DUMU-E2-DUB-BA-A: Studies
in Honor of Åke W. Sjöberg, OPSNKF 9, Philadelphia: 267–76.
Jean, C.F., 1936. ‘Prototype de la premiere tablette HAR-RA : hubullu AO 7796’, RA 33: 85–90.
Jeremias, A., 1904. Monotheistische Strömungen innerhalb der babylonischen Religion, Leipzig.
Johansson, S., 1978. Manual of Information to Accompany the Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Corpus of British
English, for Use with Digital Computers, in collaboration with G.N. Leech and H. Goodluck, Olso:
Department of English, University of Oslo, available at: http://khnt.hit.uib.no/icame/manuals/lob/
(accessed 27 November 2009)
Johnson, C.J., 2004. In the Eye of the Beholder: Quantificational, Pragmatic and Aspectual Features of the
*bi- Verbal Prefix in Sumerian, PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
Joseph, B.D., 2002. ‘The word in modern Greek’, in Dixon, R.M.W./Aikhenvald, A.Y. (eds), Word: A Crosslinguistic Typology, Cambridge: 243–65.
Kämmerer, T.R., 1998. šimâ milka. Induktion und Reception der mittelbabylonischen Dichtung von Ugarit,
Emār und Tell el-‛Amarna, AOAT 251, Münster.
Karahashi, F., 2009. ‘Some notes on the relative use of the Sumerian interrogative pronoun a-na’, Chuo
University Journal of the Faculty of Letters, History (Chuo Daigaku Bubgakubu Kiyo, Shigaku) 54:
119–34.
Karavites, P., 1992. Promise-Giving and Treaty-Making: Homer and the Near East, Leiden.
Keenan, E.L., 1985. ‘Relative clauses’, in Shopen, T. (ed.), Language Typology and Syntactic Description,
vol. 2, Cambridge: 141–70.
Kent, R., 1953. Old Persian. Grammar, Texts, Lexicon, AOS 33, New Haven.
Keppel, G.T. (6th Earl of Albemarle), 1827. Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, by
Bussorah, Bagdad, the Ruins of Babylon, Curdistan, the Court of Persia, the Western Shore of the
Caspian Sea, Astrakhan, Nishny Novogorod, Moscow, and St. Petersburgh, in the Year 1824, 2 vols,
London.
Ker Porter, R., 1822. Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia ..., vol. 2, London.
Keydana, G., 1991. ‘Anhang. Die hethitische Version [zu Dietrich 1991]’, UF 23: 69–74.
Kienast, B., 1975. ‘Zur Wortbildung des Sumerischen’, ZA 65: 1–27.
Killick, R., and Black, J.A., 1985. ‘Excavations in Iraq, 1983–84: Tell Haddad’, Iraq 47: 220–1.
Kirk, G.S., 1970. Myth. Its Meaning and Functions in Ancient and Other Cultures, Cambridge/Berkeley.
—, Raven, J.E. and Schofield, M., 1987. The Presocratic Philosophers, revised ed., Cambridge.
Klein, J., 1981. Three Šulgi Hymns: Sumerian Royal Hymns Glorifying King Šulgi of Ur, Ramat-Gan.
—, 1983. ‘Tudittum’, ZA 73: 255–83.
—, 1990. ‘Šulgi and Išmedagan: originality and dependence in Sumerian royal hymnology’, in Klein,
J./Skaist, A. (eds), Bar-Ilan Studies in Assyriology Dedicated to Pinhas Artzi, Ramat-Gan: 65–136.
—, 1991. ‘The coronation and consecration of Šulgi in the Ekur (Šulgi G)’, in Cogan, M. and Ephʿal, I. (eds),
Ah, Assyria … Studies in Assyrian History and Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to
Hayim Tadmor, Jerusalem: 292–313.
—, 1996. ‘“The Marriage of Martu”: The urbanization of the “barbaric” nomads’, Michmanim 9: 83–96.
—, 1997. ‘The god Martu in Sumerian literature’, in Finkel, I.L./Geller, M.J. (eds), Sumerian Gods and their
Representations, CM 7, Groningen: 99–116.
—, 2000. ‘The so-called ‘Spell of Nudimmud’ (ELA 134-155): a re-examination’, in Graziani, S. (ed.), Studi
sul vicino oriente antico dedicati alla memoria di Luigi Cagni, vol. 2, Naples: 563–84.
—, 2000 [2005]. ‘The independent pronouns in the Šulgi hymns’, ASJ 22: 135–52.
—, 2008. ‘Four early Mesopotamian “building” inscriptions from the Moussaieff tablet collection’, in Cogan,
M./Kahn, D. (eds), Treasures on Camels’ Humps. Historical and Literary Studies from the Ancient
Near East Presented to Israel Ephʿal, Jerusalem: 153–82.
Köcher, F., 1953. ‘Der babylonische Göttertypentext’, MIO 1: 57–107.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
447
—, 1964. Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen III, Keilschrifttexte aus Assur
3, Berlin.
—, 1980. Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen VI, Keilschrifttexte aus Ninive
2, Berlin/New York.
Koch-Westenholz, U., 1995. Mesopotamian Astrology, an Introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian Celestial
Divination, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications 19, Copenhagen.
—, 2000. Babylonian Liver Omens: The Chapters Manzāzu, Padānu and Pān tākalti of the Babylonian
Extispicy Series mainly from Aššurbanipal’s Library, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications 25,
Copenhagen.
Kolbe, D., 1981. Die Reliefprogramme religiös-mythologischen Charakters in neuassyrischen Palästen. Die
Figurentypen, ihre Benennung und Bedeutung, Frankfurt/Bern.
Koldewey, R., 1914. The Excavations at Babylon, London.
Korošec, V., 1931. Hethitische Staatsverträge. Ein Beitrag zu ihrer juristischen Wertung, Leipzig.
Koschaker, P., 1942. ‘Zur staatlichen Wirtschaftsverwaltung in altbabylonischer Zeit, insbesondere nach
Urkunden aus Larsa’, ZA 47: 135–80.
Kramer, S.N., 1940. ‘Langdon’s Historical and Religious Texts from the Temple Library of Nippur: additions
and corrections’, JAOS 60: 234–57.
—, 1944a. ‘Dilmun, the land of the living’, BASOR 96: 18–28.
—, 1944b. Sumerian Mythology, Philadelphia.
—, 1945. Enki and Ninhursaga. A Sumerian “Paradise” Myth, BASOR Supplementary Studies 1, New
Haven, CT.
—, 1947. ‘Gilgameš and the land of the living’, JCS 1: 3–46
—, 1985a. ‘BM 86535: A large extract of diversified balag-composition’, in Durand, J.-M./Kupper, J.-R.
(eds), Miscellanea Babylonica. Mélanges offerts à Maurice Birot, Paris: 115–35.
—, 1985b. Review of van Dijk 1983, JAOS 105: 135–9.
Kraus, F.R., 1959–62. ‘Briefschreibubungen im altbabylonischen Schulunterricht’, JEOL 16: 16–39.
Krebernik, M., 1986. ‘Die Götterlisten aus Fara’, ZA 76: 161–204.
—, 1998. ‘Die Texte aus Fara und Tell Abu Salabih’, in Attinger, P./Wäfler, M. (eds), Mesopotamien.
Späturuk-Zeit und Frühdynastische Zeit. Annäherungen 1, OBO 160/1, Fribourg: 237–427.
Krecher, J., 1966. Sumerische Kultlyrik, Wiesbaden.
—, 1967. ‘Zum Emesal-Dialekt des Sumerischen’, in Edzard, D.O. (ed.), Heidelberger Studien zum Alten
Orient: Adam Falkenstein zum 17. September 1966, Wiesbaden: 87–110.
—, 1969. ‘Verschlusslaute und Betonung im Sumerischen’, in Röllig, W. (ed.), Lišān mitḫurti: Festschrift
Wolfram Freiherr von Soden zum 19.VI.1968 gewidmet von Schülern und Mitarbeitern, AOAT 1,
Kevelaer/Neukirchen-Vluyn: 157–97.
—, 1974–7. Review of Gurney and Kramer 1976 (OECT 5), AfO 25: 192–5.
—, 1976. Istanbul Arkeoloji Muzelerinde Bulunan Sumer Edebi Tablet ve Parçaları II / Sumerian Literary
Tablets and Fragments in the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul II, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları
VI/13a, Ankara.
—, 1983. ‘Eine unorthographische sumerische Wortliste aus Ebla’, Oriens Antiquus 22: 179–89.
—, 1993. ‘The suffix of determination -/a/’, ASJ 15: 81–98.
Krispijn, T.J.H., 1981–2. ‘Die Identifikation zweier lexikalischen Texte aus Ebla MEE III Nr. 62 und 63’,
JEOL 27: 47–59.
Kritzman, L.D., 1996. ‘Representing the monster: cognition, cripples, and other limp parts in Montaigne’s
“Des Boyteux”’, in Cohen, J.J. (ed.), Monster Theory. Reading Culture, Minneapolis: 168–82.
Kryszat, G., 2004. ‘Herrscher, Herrschaft und Kulttradition in Anatolien nach den Quellen aus den
altassyrischen Handelskolonien, Teil 1: Die sikkātim und der rabi sikkitim’, AoF 31: 15–45.
Kuhrt, A., 1995. ‘The Assyrian heartland in the Achaemenid period’, in Briant, P. (ed.), Dans les pas de DixMille, PALLAS 43, Toulouse: 239–54.
Kümmel, H.M., 1967. Ersatzrituale für den hethitischen König, StBoT 3, Wiesbaden.
—, 1969. ‘Ugaritica-Hethitica’, UF 1: 159–65.
Kutscher, R., 1982. Review of Gurney and Kramer 1976 (OECT 5), BiOr 39: 583–90.
—, 1989. The Brockmon Tablets at the University of Haifa: Royal Inscriptions, Haifa.
Kwasman, K., 1998. Neo-Assyrian Legal Documents in the Kouyunjik Collection of the British Museum,
Studia Pohl: series maior 14, Rome.
— and Parpola, S., 1991. Legal Transactions of the Royal Court of Nineveh, Tiglath-Pileser III through
Esarhaddon, SAA 6, Helsinki.
Labat, R., 1935. Le poème babylonien de la création, Paris.
Labourt, J., 1904. Le Christianisme dans l’Empire Perse, Paris.
Lachmann, R., 2002. Erzählte Phantastik. Zu Phantasiegeschichte und Semantik phantastischer Texte,
Frankfurt am Main.
Ladame, G., 1945. ‘Les ressources métallifères de l’Iran’, Schweizerische mineralogische und
petrographische Mitteilungen 25: 165–303.
448
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lafont, B., 1996. ‘L’extraction du minerai de cuivre en Iran à la fin du IIIe millénaire’, in Tunca,
Ö./Deheselle, D. (eds), Tablettes et images aux pays de Sumer et Akkad, Leuven: 87–93.
— and Yildiz, F., 1996. Tablettes cunéiformes de Tello au Musée d’Istanbul, datant de l’époque de la IIIe
Dynastie d’Ur. Tome II. ITT II/1, 2544-2819, 3158-4342, 4708-4714, PIHANS 77, Leiden.
Lambert, M. 1981. ‘Ur-Emush, “Grand marchant” de Lagash’, Oriens Antiquus 20: 175–85.
Lambert, W.G., 1957–8. ‘Two texts from the early part of the reign of Assurbanipal’, AfO 18: 382–7.
—, 1960. Babylonian Wisdom Literature, Oxford.
—, 1967. ‘The Gula hymn of Bulluṭsa-rābi’, Orientalia NS 36: 105–32.
—, 1968. ‘Myth and ritual as conceived by the Babylonians’, JSS 13: 104–12.
—, 1969-70. Review of Hunger 1968, WO 5: 290–1.
—, 1971. ‘The Converse Tablet: a litany with musical instructions’, in Goedicke, H. (ed.), Near Eastern
Studies in Honor of W.F. Albright, Baltimore: 335–53.
—, 1975. ‘The historical development of the Mesopotamian pantheon: a study in sophisticated polytheism’,
in Goedicke, H./Roberts, J. (eds), Unity and Diversity: Essays in the History, Literature, and
Religion of the Ancient Near East, Baltimore and London: 191–200.
—, 1986. ‘Ninurta mythology in the Babylonian Epic of Creation’, in Sommerfeld, W./Hecker, K. (eds),
Keilschriftliche Literaturen, Ausgewählte Vorträge der XXXII. Rencontre Assyriologique
Internationale, Münster, 1985, Berlin.
—, 1987. ‘Gilgameš in literature and art: the second and first millennia’, in Farkas, A./Harper, P./Harrison, E.
(eds), Monsters and Demons in the Ancient and Mediaeval Worlds. Papers Presented in Honor of
Edith Porada, Mainz: 37–52.
—, 1987–90. ‘Lugalkurdub’, RlA 7: 147.
—, 1988. ‘An Old Akkadian list of Sumerian personal names’, in Leichty, E./Ellis, M. de J./Gerardi, P. (eds),
A Scientific Humanist. Studies in Memory of Abraham Sachs, OPSNKF 9, Philadelphia: 251–60.
—, 1995. ‘Some new Babylonian wisdom literature’, in Day, J./Gordon, R.P./Williamson, H.G.M. (eds),
Wisdom in Ancient Israel. Essays in Honour of J.A. Emerton, Cambridge: 30–42.
—, 1998. ‘The qualifications of Babylonian diviners’, in Maul, S.M. (ed.), tikip santakki mala bašmu ....
Festschrift für Rykle Borger zu seinem 65. Geburtstag am 24. Mai 1994, CM 10, Groningen: 141–
58.
Landsberger, B., 1934. Die Fauna des Alten Mesopotamien nach der 14. Tafel der Serie HAR-RA =
HUBULLU, Leipzig.
—, 1961. ‘Einige unerkannt gebliebene oder verkannte Nomina des Akkadischen’, WZKM 57: 1–23.
—, 1965. ‘Tin and lead: the adventures of two vocables’, JNES 24: 285–96.
Lanfranchi, G.B., Roaf, M. and Rollinger, R. (eds), 2003. Continuity of Empire (?): Assyria, Media, Persia,
Padua.
Langdon, S.H., 1913. Babylonian Liturgies, Paris.
—, 1924. Excavations at Kish: the Herbert Weld (for the University of Oxford) and Field Museum of Natural
History (Chicago) Expedition to Mesopotamia. Vol. I: 1923–1924, Paris.
—, 1931. Semitic Mythology. Vol. 5. of Gray, L.H./MacCulloch, J.A. (eds), The Mythology of All Races,
Boston.
—, 1932. ‘The Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh’, JRAS Series 2, 1932: 911–48.
—, 1934. ‘Preface’, in Watelin 1934: I–III.
Laroche, E., 1966. ‘Études de linguistique anatolienne, II’, RHA 24 (fasc. 79): 160–84.
—, 1968. ‘Textes mythologiques Hittites en transcription. Deuxième partie: Mythologie d’origine étrangère’,
RHA 26 fasc. 82: 5–90.
Latte, K., 1920. Heiliges Recht. Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der sakralen Rechtsformen in Griechenland,
Tübingen.
Layard, A.H., 1849. Nineveh and its Remains: with an Account of a Visit to the Chaldean Christians of
Kurdistan, and the Yezidis, or Devil-worshippers …, 2 vols, London.
—, 1853. Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, with Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the
Desert, Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum,
London.
Lehoux, D., 2007. Astronomy, Weather, and Calendars in the Ancient World. Parapegmata and Related Texts
in Classical and Near-Eastern Societies, Cambridge.
Leichty, E., 1970. The Omen Series Šumma Izbu, TCS 4, Locust Valley, New York.
—, 1986. Catalogue of the Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum VI: Tablets from Sippar 1, with an
Introduction by J.E. Reade, London.
Lesky, A., 1950. ‘Hethitische Texte und griechischer Mythos’, Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-historische Klasse 87: 137–210.
Lewy, H., 1968. ‘A contribution to the historical geography of the Nuzi texts’, JAOS 88: 150–212.
Limet, H., 1960. Le travail du métal au pays de Sumer au temps de la IIIe dynastie d’Ur, Paris.
—, 1972. ‘Les chants épiques sumériens’, Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire 50: 1–24.
—, 1975. ‘Le morphème suffixe /-a/ en sumérien’, RA 69: 5–18.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
449
Linssen, M.J.H., 2004. The Cults of Uruk and Babylon. The Temple Ritual Texts as Evidence for Hellenistic
Cult Practice, CM 25, Leiden/Boston.
Lion, B. and Robson, E., 2006. ‘Quelques textes scolaires paléo-babyloniens rédigés par des femmes’, JCS
57: 37–53.
Lionarons, J.T., 1996. ‘Beowulf: myth and monsters’, English Studies 77: 1–14.
Lipiński, E., 1983. ‘Les Phéniciens à Ninive au temps des Sargonides: Ahoubasti, portier en chef’, Atti del
Primo Congresso Internazionale di Studi Fenici e Punici 1: 125–34.
Litke, R.L., 1998. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN : dA-nu-um and AN: Anu šá
amēli, Texts from the Babylonian Collection 3, New Haven.
Liverani, M., 1995. ‘The Medes at Esarhaddon’s court’, JCS 47: 57–62.
—, 2003. ‘The rise and fall of Media’, in Lanfranchi, G.B./Roaf, M./Rollinger, R. (eds), Continuity of Empire
(?): Assyria, Media, Persia, Padua: 1–12.
Livingstone, A., 1986. Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars,
Oxford.
—, 1989. Court Poetry and Literary Miscellanea, SAA 3, Helsinki.
—, 1990. ‘Recently published mystical/mythological explanatory works’, NABU 1990/91.
Lloyd, G.E.R., 1987. The Revolutions of Wisdom: Studies in the Claims and Practice of Ancient Greek
Science, Sather Classical Lectures vol. 52, Berkeley.
—, 1990. Demystifying Mentalities, Cambridge.
—, 1991. Methods and Problems in Greek Science, Cambridge.
—, 1996. Adversaries and Authorities: Investigations into Ancient Greek and Chinese Science, Cambridge.
Lloyd, S., 1947/1980. Foundations in the Dust, London (1980 ed.).
Löhnert, A., 2002. Rituelle Einsetzungen von Priestern in Mesopotamien, MA thesis, Ludwig-MaximiliansUniversität, Munich.
—, 2007. ‘The installation of priests according to Neo-Assyrian documents’, SAAB 16: 273–86.
Ludwig, M.-C., 1990. Untersuchungen zu den Hymnen des Išme-Dagan von Isin, SANTAG 2, Wiesbaden.
Lukitz, L., 2004. ‘Bell, Gertrude Margaret Lowthian (1868–1926)’, Oxford Dictionary of National
Biography, Oxford, available at: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/30686 (accessed 16 August
2005).
MacGinnis, J., 1992. ‘Tablets from Nebi Yunus’, SAAB 6: 3–19.
Maekawa, K., 1973–4. ‘The development of the E2-MI2 in Lagash during Early Dynastic III’, Mesopotamia
8–9: 77–144.
—, 1987. ‘Collective labor service in Girsu-Lagash: the Pre-Sargonic and Ur III periods’, in Powell, M.A.
(ed.), Labor in the Ancient Near East, New Haven: 49–71.
Mallowan, M.E.L., 1966. Nimrud and its Remains, London.
Mander, P., 1986. Il pantheon di Abu-Salabikh. Contributo allo studio del pantheon sumerico arcaico,
Naples.
Mi, G., 2001. ‘Ì-a lullumx ú-luḫ-ḫa sù-sù. On the incipit of the Sumerian poem of Gilgamesh and Huwawa
B’, in Graziani, S. (ed.), Studi sul Vicino Oriente antico dedicati alla memoria di Luigi Cagni, 4
vols, Naples: 673–84.
—, 2004. ‘Who was buried in the royal tombs of Ur? Appendix I’, Orientalia NS 73: 186–9.
Margueron, J., 1986. ‘Quelques remarques concernant les archives retrouvées dans le palais de Mari’, in
Veenhof, K.R. (ed.), Cuneiform Archives and Libraries, Istanbul: 141–52.
Markwart, J., 1930. Südarmenien und die Tigrisquellen nach griechischen und arabischen Geographen,
Vienna.
Marquart, J., 1907. ‘Untersuchung zur Geschichte von Eran (Schluß)’, Philologus Supplementband 10: 1–
257.
Marót, K., 1924. Der Eid als Tat, Szeged.
Marzahn, J., 1989. Die Grundlagen der Getreideproduktion in Lagaš, doctoral dissertation, Jena.
—, 1991. Altsumerische Verwaltungstexte aus Girsu/Lagaš, VAS 25, Mainz.
—, 1996. Altsumerische Verwaltungstexte und ein Brief aus Girsu/Lagaš, VAS 27 (NF 11), Mainz.
Matoušová-Rajmova, M., 1975. ‘Some cylinder seals from Dhiba’i and Harmal’, Sumer 31: 49–66.
Matthews, R. 2003. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia. Theories and Approaches, London/New York.
Maul, S.M., 1994. Zukunftsbewältigung. Eine Untersuchung altorientalischen Denkens anhand der
babylonisch-assyrischen Löserituale (Namburbi), BaF 18, Mainz am Rhein.
—, 1999. ‘How the Babylonians protected themselves against calamities announced by omens’, in Abusch,
T./van der Toorn, K. (eds), Mesopotamian Magic: Textual, Historical, and Interpretative
Perspectives, AMD 1, Groningen: 123–9.
—, 2000. ‘Der Sieg über die Mächte des Bösen’, in Hölscher, T. (ed.), Gegenwelten zu den Kulturen
Griechenlands und Roms in der Antike, Leipzig.
—, 2003. ‘Omina und Orakel. A’, RlA 10: 45–88.
Mayer, W., 1998. ‘Nabonids Herkunft’, in Dietrich, M./Loretz, O. (eds), dubsar anta-men. Studien zur
Altorientalistik (Fs. W.H.Ph. Römer), AOAT 253, Münster: 245–61.
450
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Maynard, J.A., 1917–18. ‘Studies in religious texts from Assur’, AJSL 34: 21–59
Mayr, R.H., 2002. ‘The depiction of ordinary men and women on the seals of the Ur III kingdom’, in
Parpola, S./Whiting, R.M. (eds), Sex and Gender in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the 47th
Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Helsinki, July 2-6, 2001, CRRA 47, Helsinki: 359–66.
— and Owen, D.I., 2004. ‘The royal gift seal in the Ur III Period’, in Waetzoldt, H. (ed.), Von Sumer nach
Ebla und zurück: Festschrift Giovanni Pettinato zum 27. September 1999 gewidmet von Freunden,
Kollegen und Schuelern, HSAO 9, Heidelberg: 145–74.
McEnery, T. and Wilson, A., 2001. Corpus Linguistics. An Introduction, 2nd ed., Edinburgh.
McEwan, G.J.P., 1981. Priest and Temple in Hellenistic Babylonia, Wiesbaden.
Meissner, B., 1928–9. ‘Sumerer und Semiten in Babylonien’, AfO 5: 1–10.
Melchert, C., 1993. Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon, Chapel Hill.
—, 1995. ‘Neo-Hittite nominal inflection’, in Carruba, O./Giorgieri, M./Mora, C. (eds) Atti del II congresso
internazionale di hittitologia, Studia Mediterranea 9, Padua: 269–74.
Menzel, B., 1981. Assyrische Tempel, Studia Pohl: series maior 10, Rome.
Michalowski, P., 1978a. ‘Foreign tribute to Sumer during the Ur III period’, ZA 68: 34–49.
—, 1978b. Review of Gurney and Kramer 1976 (OECT 5), JNES 37: 343–5.
—, 1984. ‘Observations on a Sumerian literary catalogue from Ur’, JCS 36: 89–92.
—, 1988. ‘Divine heroes and historical self-representation: from Gilgamesh to Shulgi’, Bulletin of the
Canadian Society for Mesopotamian Studies 16: 19–23.
—, 1989. The Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur, MC 1, Winona Lake.
—, 1992. ‘The early Mesopotamian incantation tradition’, in Fronzaroli, P. (ed.), Literature and Literary
Language at Ebla, Quaderni di Semitistica 18, Florence: 305–26.
—, 1993. ‘The torch and the censer’, in Cohen, M.E./Snell, D.S./Weisberg, D.B. (eds), The Tablet and the
Scroll. Near Eastern Studies in Honor of William W. Hallo, Bethesda, MD: 152–62.
—, 1994. ‘The drinking gods: alcohol in Mesopotamian ritual and mythology’, in Milano, L. (ed.), Drinking
in Ancient Societies: History and Culture of Drinks in the Ancient Near East, Padua: 27–44.
—, 1998. ‘The unbearable lightness of Enlil’, in Prosecký, J. (ed.), Intellectual Life of the Ancient Near East,
CRRA 43, Prague: 237–47.
—, 2003a. ‘A man called Enmebaragesi’, in Sallaberger, W./Volk, K./Zgoll, A. (eds), Literatur, Politik und
Recht in Mesopotamien. Festschrift für Claus Wilcke, OBC 14, Wiesbaden: 195–208.
—, 2003b. ‘An Early Dynastic tablet of ED Lu A from Tell Brak (Nagar)’, available at
http://cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdlj/2003/cdlj2003_003.html (accessed 31 December 2009)
—, 2004a. ‘Sumerian’, in Woodard, R.D. (ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World’s Ancient
Languages. Cambridge: 19–59.
—, 2004b. ‘The ideological foundations of the Ur III State’, in Meyer, J.-W./Sommerfeld, W. (eds), 2000 v.
Chr. Politische, wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Entwicklung im Zeichen einer Jahrtausendwende,
CDOG 3, Berlin, 219–35.
—, 2005. ‘Literary works from the court of king Ishbi-Erra’, in Sefati, Y./Artzi, P./Cohen, C./Eichler,
B.L./Hurowitz, V.A. (eds), An Experienced Scribe Who Neglects Nothing. Ancient Near Eastern
Studies in Honor of Jacob Klein, Bethesda, MD: 199–212.
—, 2008. ‘The mortal kings of Ur: A short century of divine rule in ancient Mesopotamia’, in Brisch, N.
(ed.), Religion and Power: Divine Kingship in the Ancient World and Beyond, Oriental Institute
Seminars 4, Chicago: 33–45.
— and Walker, C.B.F., 1989. ‘A new Sumerian “law code”’, in Behrens, H./Loding, D.M./Roth, M.T. (eds),
DUMU-E2-DUB-BA-A: Studies in Honor of Åke W. Sjöberg, OPSNKF 11, Philadelphia: 383–96.
Mittermayer, C., 2005. Die Entwicklung der Tierkopfzeichen. Eine Studie zur syro-mesopotamischen
Keilschriftpaläographie des 3. und frühen 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr., AOAT 319, Münster.
—, and Attinger, P., 2006. Altbabylonische Zeichenliste der sumerisch-literarischen Texte, OBO 1015-1850,
Fribourg/Göttingen.
Mofidi Nasrabadi, B., 2004. ‘Beobachtungen zum Felsrelief Anubaninis’, ZA 94: 291–303.
Moghaddam, A. and Miri, N., 2003. ‘Archaeological research in the Mianab plain of lowland Susiana, southwestern Iran’, Iran 41: 99–137.
Moorey, P.R.S., 1966. ‘A re-consideration of the excavations on Tell Ingharra (East Kish), 1923–33’, Iraq 28:
18–51.
—, 1978. Kish excavations 1923–1933, Oxford.
—, 1994. Ancient Mesopotamian materials and industries: the archaeological evidence, Oxford (repr.
Winona Lake 1999).
—, 2005. Ancient Near Eastern Terracottas: with a catalogue of the collection in the Ashmolean Museum,
Oxford, Oxford.
Moran, W.L., 1976. ‘The Keš Temple Hymn and the Canonical Temple List’, in Eichler, B. (ed.), Kramer
Anniversary Volume: Cuneiform Studies in Honor of Samuel Noah Kramer, AOAT 25, Kevelaer:
335–42.
Muhamed, A.K., 1992. Old Babylonian Cuneiform Texts from the Hamrin Basin: Tell Haddad, Edubba 1,
London.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
451
Mustafa, M.A., 1949. ‘Soundings at Tell al-Dhiba’i’, Sumer 5: 173–88.
Nasrabadi, B.M., 2005. ‘Ein Steininschrift des Amar-Suena aus Tappeh Bormi (Iran)’, ZA 95: 161–71.
Nemet-Nejat, K.R., 2002. ‘Square tablets in the Yale Babylonian Collection’, in Steele, J.M./Imhausen, A.
(eds), Under One Sky: Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East, AOAT 297, Münster:
253–81.
Neugebauer, O., 1935–7. Mathematische Keilschrift-texte I–III, Berlin.
—, 1975. A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy, Berlin.
— and Sachs, A. 1945. Mathematical Cuneiform Texts, AOS 29, New Haven.
Nikol’skij, M.V., 1908. Dokumenty xozjastvennoj otčetnosti drevnjšej epoxi Xaldei iz sobranija N.P.
Lixačeva, St. Petersburg.
Nöldeke, T., 1875. Mandäische Grammatik, Halle an der Saale.
Northedge, A., Bamber, A., Roaf, M. et al., 1988. Excavations at ‘Ana, Qal’a Island, Iraq Archaeological
Reports 1, Warminster.
Nougayrol, J., 1960. ‘Nouveaux textes accadiens de Ras Shamra’, CRAI: 163–71.
—, 1968. ‘Textes suméro-accadiens des archives et bibliothèques privées d’Ugarit’, Ugaritica 5: 1–446.
Nunn, A., 1988. Die Wandmalereien und der glasierte Wandschmuck im alten Orient, HdO 7, Leiden.
Nünning, A., 2001. Metzler Lexikon Literatur- und Kulturtheorie. Ansätze-Personen-Grundbegriffe, 2nd ed.,
Stuttgart.
Nylander, C., 1979. ‘Achaemenid imperial art’, in Larsen, M.T. (ed.), Power and Propaganda: a Symposium
of Ancient Empires, Copenhagen: 345–59.
—, 1994. ‘Xenophon, Darius, Naram-Sin: a note on the king’s “year”’, in Rystedt, E./Scheffer, C./Wikander,
C. (eds), Opus Mixtum: Essays in Art and Society, Stockholm.
Oates, D. and Oates, J., 2001. Nimrud. An Assyrian Imperial City Revealed, London.
Obermeyer, J., 1929. Die Landschaft Babylonien im Zeitalter des Talmuds und des Gaonats: Geographie und
Geschichte nach talmudischen, arabischen und anderen Quellen, Frankfurt.
Oettinger, N., 1979. Die Stammbildung des hethitischen Verbums, Nürnberg.
Oksefjell, S., 1999. ‘A description of the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus: compilation and further
developments’, International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 4: 197–219.
Olmstead, A.T., 1948. History of the Persian Empire, Chicago.
Oppenheim, A.L., 1948. Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets of the Wilberforce Eames Babylonian
Collection in the New York Public Library: Tablets of the Time of the Third Dynasty of Ur, AOS 32,
New Haven, CT.
—, 1974. ‘A Babylonian diviner’s manual’, JNES 33: 197–220.
—, 1978. ‘Man and nature in Mesopotamian civilization’, Dictionary of Scientific Biography 15: 634–66.
Orthmann, W. (ed.), 1975. Der Alte Orient, Propyläen Kunstgeschichte 14, Berlin.
Otten, H. and von Soden, W., 1968. Das akkadisch-hethitsche Vokabular KBo I 44 + KBo XIII 1, StBoT 7,
Wiesbaden.
Owen, D.I., 1980. ‘A Sumerian letter from an angry houswife (?)’, in Rendsburg, G./Adler, R./Arfa,
M./Winter, N.H. (eds), The Bible World. Essays in Honor of Cyrus H. Gordon, New York: 189–202.
Parker, B., 1954. ‘The Nimrud tablets, 1952: business documents’, Iraq 16: 29–53.
Parpola, S., 1980. ‘The murderer of Sennacherib’, in Alster, B. (ed.), Death in Mesopotamia, CRRA 26,
Mesopotamia 8, Copenhagen: 171–82.
—, 1993. Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars, SAA 10, Helsinki.
—, 1998. (sequence of post-canonical eponyms) in Radner, K. (ed.), The Prosopography of the Neo-Assyrian
Empire 1/I: A, Helsinki: xviii–xx.
—, 2000. ‘Monotheism in ancient Assyria’, in B.N. Porter (ed.), One God or Many? Concepts of Divinity in
the Ancient World, Casco Bay: 165–209.
—,
2004.
‘Assyrian
identity
in
ancient
times
and
today’,
available
at:
http://www.nineveh.com/parpola_eng.pdf (accessed 31 December 2009).
Pechlivanos, M., Rieger, S., Struck, W. and Weitz, M. (eds), 1995. Einführung in die Literaturwissenschaft,
Stuttgart.
Pédech, P., 1958. ‘Deux campagnes d’Antiochus III chez Polybe’, Revue des Études Anciennes 60: 67–81.
Pedersén, O., 1986. Archives and Libraries in the City of Assur: A Survey of the Material from the German
Excavations, Part II, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Studia Semitica Upsaliensia 8, Uppsala.
—, 1998. Archives and Libraries in the Ancient Near East, 1500–300 BC, Bethesda, MD.
Pentiuc, E.I., 2001. West Semitic Vocabulary in the Akkadian Texts from Emar, HSS 49, Winona Lake.
Pettinato, G., 1979. ‘Culto ufficiale ad Ebla durante il regno di Ibbi-Sipis’, Oriens Antiquus 18: 85–215.
—, 1992. La Saga di Gilgameš, Milan.
452
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Philippson, P., 1936. ‘Genealogie als mythische Form. Studien zur Theogonie Hesiods’, Symbolae Osloensis
Fasc. Suppl. VII: 1–37. [Nearly unabridged version in: P. Philippson, Untersuchungen über den
griechischen Mythos, Zürich, 1944: 7–56. Nearly unabridged version also reprinted in: Hesiod.
Herausgegeben von Ernst Heitsch, Darmstadt, 1966: 651–87].
Pigott, V.C., 1999. ‘The development of metal production on the Iranian plateau: An archaeometallurgical
perspective’, in Pigott, V.C. (ed.), The Archaeometallurgy of the Asian World, MASCA Research
Papers in Science and Archaeology 16, Philadelphia: 73–106.
—, 2004. ‘Zur Bedeutung Irans für die Erforschung prähistorischer Kupfermetallurgie’, in Stöllner, T./Slotta,
R./Vatandoust, A. (eds), Persiens antike Pracht: Bergbau – Handwerk – Archäologie, vol. 1,
Veröffentlichung des Deutschen Bergbau-Museums Bochum 128, Bochum: 28–43.
Plaisted, B., 1750. ‘A journal from Busserah to Aleppo’, in Carruthers, D. (ed.), Desert Route to India. Being
the Journals of Four Travellers by the Great Desert Caravan Route between Aleppo and Basra,
1745–1751 [1929, 59–177, Hakluyt Society, London].
Poebel, A., 1923. Grundzüge der sumerischen Grammatik, Rostock.
—, 1930. ‘Sumerische Untersuchungen IV’, ZA 39: 129–64.
—, 1938. ‘Chronology of Darius’ first year of reign’, American Journal of Semitic Languages and
Literatures 55/2–3: 142–65, 285–314.
Polanyi, K., 1944. The Great Transformation, New York (paperback ed., Boston 1957).
Polonsky, J., 2000. ‘Ki-dutu-è-a: where destiny is determined’, in Milano, L./de Martino, S./Fales,
F.M./Lanfranchi, G.B. (eds), Landscapes: Territories, Frontiers and Horizons in the Ancient Near
East, CRRA 44, Padua: 89–100.
Pongratz-Leisten, B., 2000. ‘“Lying king” and “false prophet”: the intercultural transfer of a rhetorical device
within ancient Near Eastern ideologies’, in Panaino, A./Pettinato, G. (eds), Ideologies as
Intercultural Phenomena, Melammu Symposia 3, Milan: 215–44.
Porter, B.N., 2000. ‘The anxiety of multiplicity: concepts of divinity as one and many in ancient Assyria’, in
Porter, B.N. (ed.), One God or Many? Concepts of Divinity in the Ancient World, Transactions of the
Casco Bay Assyriological Institute 1, Chebeague: 211–71.
Postgate, J.N., 1976. Fifty Neo-Assyrian Legal Documents, Warminster.
—, 1992. Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History, London/New York.
—, 2000. ‘Assyrian felt’, in Negri Scafa, P./Gentili, P. (eds), Donum natalicium. Studi presentati a Claudio
Saporetti in occasione del suo 60. compleanno, Rome: 213–17.
— and Roaf, M., 1981. ‘Excavations in Iraq, 1979–80: Tell as-Sib’, Iraq 43: 188.
— and Watson, P.J., 1979. ‘Excavations in Iraq, 1977–78’, Iraq 41: 141–81.
Potts, D.T., 1990. ‘Lock and key in ancient Mesopotamia’, Mesopotamia 25: 185–92.
—, 1999. The Archaeology of Elam. Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State, Cambridge.
—, 2005. ‘In the beginning: Marhashi and the origins of Magan’s ceramic industry in the third millennium
BC’, Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 16: 67–78.
—, 2008. ‘Puzur-Inšušinak and the Oxus civilization (BMAC): reflections on the geo-political landscape of
Iran and Central Asia in the Ur III period’, ZA 98: 165–94.
Powell, M.A., 1972. ‘Sumerian area measures and the alleged decimal substratum’, ZA 62: 165–221.
—, 1974. ‘Graphic criteria for dating in the Old Babylonian period’, Orientalia NS 43: 398–403.
—, 1976. ‘The antecedents of Old Babylonian place notation and the early history of Babylonian
mathematics’, Historia Mathematica 3: 417–39.
Pritchard, J.B. 1969. The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament, 2nd ed., Princeton.
Propp, V., 1968. Morphology of the Folk Tale [Morfologija skaski] (2nd ed., transl. L. Scott), Austin, Texas.
Proust, C., 2002. ‘Numération centésimàle de position à Mari’, in Charpin, D./Durand, J.-M. (eds),
Florilegium Marianum 6: Recueil d’études à la mémoire d’André Parrot, Mémoires de NABU 7,
Paris: 513–16.
Radner, K., 1997. Die neuassyrischen Privatrechtsurkunden als Quelle für Mensch und Umwelt, SAAS 6,
Helsinki.
— (ed.), 1998. The Prosopography of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, 1/I, A. Helsinki.
— (ed.), 1999. The Prosopography of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, 1/II, B-G. Helsinki.
—, 1999. Ein neuassyrisches Privatarchiv der Tempelgoldschmiede von Assur, StAT 1, Saarbrücken.
—, 2002. Die neuassyrischen Texte aus Tall Šēḫ Ḥamad, Berichte der Ausgrabung Tall Šēḫ Ḥamad/DurKatlimmu 6, Berlin.
—, 2003. ‘The trials of Esarhaddon: the conspiracy of 670 BC’, in Miglus, P.A./Córdoba, J.M. (eds), Assur
und sein Umland: Im Angedenken an die ersten Ausgräber von Assur, Isimu: Revista sobre Oriente
Próximo y Egipto en la antigüedad 6, Madrid: 165–84.
Rappaport, R.A., 1974. Ecology, Meaning and Religion, Berkeley.
Rashid, F., 1967. ‘The old name of Tell Al-Dhiba’i’, Sumer 23: 177*-82* [in Arabic].
Rashid, S.A., 1983. Gründungsfiguren im Iraq, Munich.
Ravn, O.E., 1960. A Catalogue of Oriental Cylinder Seals and Seal Impression In the Danish National
Museum, Nationalmuseets Skrifter Arkaeologisk-Historisk Raekke 8, Copenhagen.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
453
Rawlinson, H.C., 1841. ‘Notes on a journey from Tabríz, through Persian Kurdistán, to the ruins of TakhtiSoleïmán, and from thence by Zenján and Tárom to Gílán, in October and November, 1838; with a
memoir on the site of the Atropatenian Ecbatana’, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 10: 1–
158.
Reade, J.E., 1972. ‘The Neo-Assyrian court and army: evidence from the sculptures’, Iraq 34: 87–112.
—, 1983. Assyrian Sculpture, London.
—, 1998. ‘Assyrian eponyms, kings and pretenders, 648–605 BC’, Orientalia NS 67: 255–65.
—, 2000. ‘Restructuring the Assyrian scuptures’, in Dittmann, R./Hrouda, B./Low, U./Matthiae, P./MayerOpificius, R./Thurwachter, S. (eds), Variatio Delectat: Iran und der Westen: Gedenkschrift für Peter
Calmeyer, AOAT 272, Münster: 607–25.
Reiner, E., 1956. ‘Lipšur litanies’, JNES 15: 129–49.
—, 1958. Šurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations, AfO Bh. 11, Graz.
—, 1995. Astral Magic in Babylonia, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 85, Philadelphia.
—, 1998. Babylonian Planetary Omens Part Three, Groningen.
Reichel, C. D., 2001. Political Changes and Cultural Continuity in the Palace of the Rulers at Eshnunna
(Tell Asmar) from the Ur III Period to the Isin-Larsa Period (ca. 2070–1850 BC). Unpublished
Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago.
Reiter, K., 1997. Die Metalle im Alten Orient unter besonderer Berücksichtigung altbabylonischer Quellen,
AOAT 249, Münster.
Renger, J., 1967. ‘Untersuchungen zum Priestertum der altbabylonischen Zeit’, ZA 58: 110–88.
—, 1969. ‘Untersuchungen zum Priestertum in der altbabylonischen Zeit, 2. Teil’, ZA 59: 104–230.
—, 1975. ‘Örtliche und zeitliche Differenzen in der Struktur der Priesterschaft babylonischer Tempel’, in Le
temple et le culte, CRRA 17, Istanbul: 108–15.
Renger, J. and Seidl, U., 1980–3. ‘Kultbild’, RlA 6: 307–19.
Reynolds, F.S., 1994. Esoteric Babylonian Learning: a First Millennium Calendar Text. PhD thesis,
University of Birmingham.
—, 2000. ‘Stellar representations of Ti ʾāmat and Qingu in a learned calendar text’, in Van Lerberghe,
K./Voet, G. (eds), Languages and Cultures in Contact: At the Crossroads of Civilizations in the
Syro-Mesopotamian Realm: Proceedings of the 42e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, OLA
96, Leuven: 369–78.
—, 2002. ‘Describing the body of a god’, in Wunsch, C. (ed.), Mining the Archives: Festschrift for
Christopher Walker on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, 4 October 2002, Babylonische Archive 1,
Dresden: 215–27.
—, forthcoming. A Babylonian Calendar Text: Scholars and Invaders in the First Millennium BC, Oxford.
Rich, C.J., 1836. Narrative of a Residence in Koordistan and on the Site of Ancient Nineveh, with a Journal
of a Voyage down the Tigris to Bagdad and an Account of a visit to Shirauz and Persepolis,
London.
—, 1839. Narrative of a Journey to the Site of Babylon in 1811 ... edited by his widow, London.
Richter, T., 1999. Untersuchungen zu den lokalen Panthea Süd-und Mittelbabyloniens in altbabylonischer
Zeit, AOAT 257, Münster (2nd, revised ed. 2004).
Rieken, E., 1999. Untersuchungen zur nominalen Stammbildung des Hethitische, StBoT 44, Wiesbaden.
Rittig, D., 1977. Assyrisch-babylonische Kleinplastik magischer Bedeutung vom 13.-6. Jh. v. Chr., MVS 1,
Munich.
Roaf, M., 2003. ‘The Median dark age’, in Lanfranchi, G.B./Roaf, M./Rollinger, R. (eds), Continuity of
Empire (?): Assyria, Media, Persia, Padua: 13–22.
Robertson, J.F., 1984. ‘The internal structure of Old Babylonian Nippur’, JCS 36: 145–90.
Robson, E., 1999. Mesopotamian Mathematics, 2100–1600 BC: Technical Constants in Bureaucracy and
Education, OECT 14, Oxford.
—, 2001. ‘The tablet house: a scribal school in Old Babylonian Nippur’, RA 95: 39–67.
—, 2002. ‘More than metrology: mathematics education in an Old Babylonian scribal school’, in Steele,
J.M./Imhausen, A. (eds), Under One Sky: Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East,
AOAT 297, Münster: 325–65.
—, 2003. ‘Tables and tabular formatting in Sumer, Babylonia, and Assyria, 2500-50 BCE’, in CampbellKelly, M./Croarken, M./Flood, R.G./Robson, E. (eds), The History of Mathematical Table-Making,
from Sumer to Spreadsheets, Oxford: 18–47.
—, 2003–4. Review of Høyrup and Damerow 2001, AfO 50: 356–62.
—, 2004a. ‘Accounting for change: the development of tabular book-keeping in early Mesopotamia’, in
Hudson, M./Wunsch, C. (eds), Creating Economic Order. Record-keeping, Standardization, and the
Development of Accounting in the Ancient Near East, International Scholars Conference on Ancient
Near Eastern Economies 4, Bethesda, MD: 107–44.
—, 2004b. ‘Mathematical cuneiform tablets in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford’, SCIAMVS 5: 3–65.
—, 2005. ‘Four Old Babylonian school tablets in the collection of the Catholic University of America’,
Orientalia NS 74: 389–98.
Rochberg, F., 1996. ‘Personifications and metaphors in Babylonian celestial omina’, JAOS 116: 475–85.
454
BIBLIOGRAPHY
—, 1998. Babylonian Horoscopes, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 88, Philadelphia.
Rochberg-Halton, F., 1988. Aspects of Babylonian Celestial Divination: the Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enūma
Anu Enlil, AfO Bh. 22, Vienna.
Römer, W.H.P., 1965. Sumerische ‘Königshymnen’ der Isin-Zeit, Documenta et Monumenta Orientis Antiqui
13, Leiden.
—, 1988. ‘Sumerische Hymnen, II’, BiOr 45: 24–60.
—, 1991. ‘Miscellanea sumerologica II. Zum sog. Gudam-Text’, BiOr 48: 363–78.
—, 2001. Hymnen und Klagelieder in sumerischer Sprache, AOAT 276, Münster.
—, 2004. Die Klage über die Zerstörung von Ur, AOAT 309, Münster.
Root, M.C., 1979. The King and Kingship in Achaemenid Art: Essays on the Creation of an Iconography of
Empire, Acta Iranica 19, Leiden.
Rosengarten, Y. , 1971. Trois Aspects de la pensée religieuse sumérienne, Paris.
Rosman, A. and Rubel, P.G., 1978. ‘Exchange as structure, or why doesn’t everyone eat his own pigs?’, in
Dalton, G. (ed.), Research in Economic Anthropology, Greenwich: 105–30.
Rößle, S., 2004. ‘ŠU-ṶA-IŠ (ein bestimmter Vogelname)?, “Vogel”? < idg. *(s)h2ṷói-? oder Vom Wunsch als
Vater des Gedankens’, in Groddek, D./Rößle, S. (eds), Šarnikzel: Hethitologische Studien zum
Gedenken an Emil Orgetorix Forrer, Dresden: 545–56.
Roth, M.T., 1995. Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor, Atlanta, GA.
Sachs, A., 1947. ‘Babylonian mathematical texts, I. Reciprocals of regular sexagesimal numbers’, JCS 1:
219–40.
Sallaberger, W., 1993. Der kultische Kalender der Ur III-Zeit, 2 vols, UAVA 7, Berlin/New York.
—, 1996. Der babylonische Töpfer und seine Gefässe nach Urkunden altsumerischer bis altbabylonischer
Zeit sowie lexikalischen und literarischen Zeugnissen, MHE Memoirs 3, Ghent.
—, 1997. ‘Nippur als religiöses Zentrum Mesopotamiens im historischen Wandel’, in Wilhelm, G. (ed.), Die
orientalische Stadt: Kontinuität, Wandel, Bruch. 1. Internationales Colloquium der Deutschen
Orient-Gesellschaft, 9.–10. Mai 1996, Saarbrücken: 147–67.
—, 1999. ‘Ur III-Zeit’, in Attinger, P./Wäfler, M. (eds), Mesopotamien. Akkade Zeit und Ur III-Zeit, OBO
160/3, Annäherungen 3, Fribourg/Göttingen: 121–414.
—, 2000. ‘Das Erscheinen Marduks als Vorzeichen: Kultstatue und Neujahrsfest in der Omenserie Šumma
ālu’, ZA 90: 227–62.
—, 2002. ‘Den Göttern nahe – und fern den Menschen? Formen der Sakralität des altmesopotamischen
Herrschers’, in Erkens, F.-R. (ed.), Die Sakralität von Herrschaft. Herrschaftslegitimierung im
Wechsel der Zeiten und Räume, Berlin: 85–98.
—, 2004. Review of Wasserman 2003, BiOr 61: 579–85.
— and Huber Vulliet, F., 2003–5. ‘Priester. A. I. Mesopotamien’, RlA 10: 617–40.
Salonen, A., 1961. Die Türen des alten Mesopotamiens. Eine lexikalische und kulturgeschichtliche
Untersuchung, Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, Serie B, 124, Helsinki.
—, 1969. Die Fussbekleidung der alten Mesopotamier nach Sumerisch-Akkadischen Quellen. Eine
Lexikalische und Kulturgeschichtliche Untersuchung, Helsinki.
—, 1973. Vögel und Vogelfang im alten Mesopotamien, Helsinki.
Salvini, B. and Salvini, M., 1998. ‘Un nouveau vocabulaire trilingue sumérien-akkadien-hourrite de Ras
Shamra’, in Owen, D.I./Wilhelm, G. (eds), SCCNH 9, Bethesda, MD: 3–40.
—, 1999a. ‘Additions and corrections to SCCNH 9 (1998) 3–40’, in Owen, D.I./Wilhelm, G. (eds), Nuzi at
Seventy-Five, SCCNH 10, Bethesda, MD: 434–5.
—, 1999b. ‘La colonne I du vocabulaire Sa trilingue RS 94-2939’, SMEA 41: 145–6.
Sambursky, S., 1959. Physics of the Stoics, London.
Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H., 1988. ‘Was there ever a Median empire?’, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H./Kuhrt, A.
(eds), Method and Theory: Proceedings of the London 1985 Achaemenid History Workshop,
Achaemenid History 3, Leiden: 197–212.
Santorini, B. and Kroch, A. 2000. The Syntax of Natural Language: An Online Introduction Using the Trees
Program, available at: http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~beatrice/syntax-textbook (accessed 31 December
2009).
Sassmannshausen, L., 2001. Beiträge zur Verwaltung und Gesellschaft Babyloniens in der Kassitenzeit, BaF
21, Mainz am Rhein.
Sayce, A.H., 1891. ‘Babylonian cylinders in the Hermitage at St. Petersburg’, ZA 6: 161–3.
Schaudig, H., 2001. Die Inschriften Nabonids von Babylon und Kyros’ des Grossen samt den in ihrem
Umfeld entstandenen Tendenzinschriften, AOAT 256, Münster.
Scheiber, A., 1954. ‘The origins of “Obadyah, the Norman proselyte”’, Journal of Jewish Studies 5: 32–7.
Schlossmann, B.L., 1978–9. ‘Portraiture in Mesopotamia in the late third and early second millenium BC.
Part I: the late third millennium’, AfO 26: 56–65.
—, 1981–2. ‘Portraiture in Mesopotamia in the late third and early second millenium BC. Part II: the early
second millennium’, AfO 28: 143–70.
Schmidt, E.F., 1970. Persepolis, vol. 3, OIP 70, Chicago.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
455
Schuol, M., 2000. Die Charakene: Ein mesopotamisches Königreich in hellenistisch-parthischer Zeit, Oriens
et Occidens 1, Stuttgart.
Scurlock, J., 2002. ‘Soul emplacements in ancient Mesopotamian funerary rituals’, in Ciraolo, L./Seidel, J.
(eds), Magic and Divination in the Ancient World, AMD 2, Leiden: 1–6.
Scheyhing, H., 1998. ‘Das Haar in Ritualen des alten Mesopotamien. Der Umgang mit Haar im Bereich von
Religion und Kult’, WO 29: 58–79.
Schretter, M., 1996. ‘Überlegungen zu den Wortarten des Sumerischen’, WZKM 86: 399–411.
Schwarz, L., 2000. ‘Pronoun and article’, in Booij, G./Lehmann, C./Mugdan, J. (eds), Morphology: An
International Handbook on Inflection and Word Formation, vol. 1, Berlin: 783–94.
Schwenn, F., 1934. Die Theogonie des Hesiodos, Heidelberg.
Seidl, U., 1976. ‘Ein Relief Dareios I. in Babylonien’, AMI NF 9: 125–30.
—, 2000. ‘Der unbewaffnete Babylonier auf den achämenidischen Grabfassaden’, in Graziani, S. (ed.), Studi
sul Vicino Oriente antico dedicati alla memoria di Luigi Cagni, Istituto Universitario Orientale,
Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici, Series Minor 61, Naples: 953–9.
Selby, W.B., 1859. Memoir on the Ruins of Babylon, Selections from the Memoirs of the Bombay
Government, New Series 51, Bombay.
Selz, G.J., 1989. Altsumerische Verwaltungstexte aus Lagaš, Teil 1: Die altsumerischen Wirtschaftsurkunden
der Eremitage zu Leningrad, FAOS 15/1, Stuttgart.
—, 1992. ‘Eine Kultstatue der Herrschergemahlin Šaša: Ein Beitrag zum Problem der Vergöttlichung’, ASJ
14: 245–68.
—, 1993. Altsumerische Verwaltungstexte aus Lagaš, Teil 2: Die altsumerischen Wirtschaftsurkunden aus
amerikanischen Sammlungen, FAOS 15/2. Stuttgart.
—, 1995. Untersuchungen zur Götterwelt des altsumerischen Staates Lagaš, OPSNKF 13, Philadelphia.
Seminara, S., 1998. L’accadico di Emar, Materiali per el Vocabolario Sumerico 6, Rome.
—, 2000. ‘Le Istruzioni di Šūpê-amēli. Vecchio e nuovo a confronto nella “sapienza” siriana del Tardo
Bronzo’, UF 32: 487–529.
—, 2001. La versione accadica del Lugal-e: La tecnica babilonese della traduzione dal sumerico e le sue
‘regole’, Rome.
Shaffer, A., 1983. ‘Gilgamesh, the Cedar Forest and Mesopotamian history’, JAOS 103: 307–13.
Sigrist, M., 1984. Les sattukku dans l’Esumesa durant la période d’Isin et Larsa, BiMes 11, Malibu.
—, 1986. ‘Les courriers de Lagaš’, in de Meyer, L./Gasche, H./Vallat, F. (eds), Fragmenta Historiae
Elamicae, Paris: 51–63.
—, 1988. Isin Year Names, Institute of Archaeology Publications 2, Berrien Springs, Michigan.
—, 1992. Drehem, Bethesda, MD.
— and Gomi, T., 1991. The Comprehensive Catalogue of Published Ur III Tablets, Bethesda, MD.
Sivin, N., 1965. ‘Cosmos and computation in early Chinese mathematical astronomy’, T’oung Pao 55: 1–73.
Sjöberg, Å.W., 1974–5. ‘Miscellaneous Sumerian texts, I’, Orientalia Suecena 23: 159–81.
—, 1975. ‘in-nin šà-gur 4-ra. A hymn to the goddess Inanna by the en-priestess Enḫeduanna’, ZA 65: 161–
253.
—, 1977. ‘Miscellaneous Sumerian texts, II’, JCS 29: 3–45.
—, 1998. ‘Studies in the Emar Sa Vocabulary’, ZA 88: 240–83.
—, 2000. ‘Early Dynastic animal names. R. Jestin, Tablettes sumériennes de Šuruppak, no. 46, pl. 183’, in
Marzahn, J./Neumann, H. (eds), Assyriologica et Semitica. Festschrift für Joachim Oelsner
anläßlich seines 65. Geburtstages am 18. Februar 1997, AOAT 252, Münster: 407–17.
— and Bergmann, E., 1969. The Collection of the Sumerian Temple Hymns, TCS 3, Locust Valley, NY.
Sollberger, E., 1956. Corpus des inscriptions ‘royales’ présargoniques de Lagaš, Geneva.
—, 1966. The Business and Administrative Correspondence under the Kings of Ur, TCS 1, Locust Valley,
NY.
—, 1983. ‘A statue for Šū-Suen’, AnSt 33: 73–4.
— and Kupper, J.R., 1971. Inscriptions Royales Sumeriennes et Akkadiennes, Paris.
Solmsen, F., 1949. Hesiod and Aeschylus, Ithaca.
Sommer, F., 1932. Die Ahhiyava-Urkunden, Munich.
Sørensen, J., 2007. A Cognitive Theory of Magic, Lanham, MD.
Soubeyran, D., 1984. ‘Textes mathématiques de Mari’, RA 78: 19–48.
Soysal, O., 2006. ‘Das hethitische Wort für “Zinn”’, Historische Sprachforschung 119: 109-16.
Spycket, A., 1968. Les statues de culte dans les textes mésopotamiens des origines à la Ire dynastie de
Babylone, Cahiers de la Revue Biblique 9, Paris.
—, 1981. La statuaire du Proche-Orient Ancien, HdO 7, Leiden.
Starke, F., 1990. Untersuchung zur Stammbildung des keilschrift-luwischen Nomens, StBoT 31, Wiesbaden.
Starr, I., 1990. Queries to the Sungod: Divination and Politics in Sargonid Assyria, SAA 4, Helsinki.
Steible, H., 1982. Die altsumerischen Bau- und Weihinschriften I–II (with the assistance of H. Behrens),
FAOS 5, Wiesbaden.
—, 1991. Die neusumerischen Bau- und Weihinschriften I–II, FAOS 9, Stuttgart.
456
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Steiner, G., 1958. Der Sukzessionsmythos in Hesiods Theogonie und ihren orientalischen Parallelen, diss.
Hamburg.
Steinkeller, P., 1979. ‘Notes on Sumerian plural verbs’, Orientalia NS 48: 54–67.
—, 1981. ‘More on the Ur III royal wives’, ASJ 3: 77–92.
—, 1982. ‘The question of Marhaši’, ZA 72: 237–65.
—, 1987a. ‘The administrative and economic organization of the Ur III state: The core and the periphery’, in
Gibson, McG./Biggs, R.D. (eds), The Organization of Power: Aspects of Bureaucracy in the Ancient
Near East, SAOC 46, Chicago: 19–41.
—, 1987b. ‘The foresters of Umma: Toward a definition of Ur III labor’, in Powell, M. (ed.), Labor in the
Ancient Near East, AOS 68, New Haven: 73–115.
—, 1988. ‘On the identity of the toponym LÚ.SU(.A)’, JAOS 108: 197–202.
—, 1989. Sale Documents of the Ur III Period, Stuttgart.
—, 1998. ‘Inanna’s archaic symbol’, in Braun, J./Lyczkowska, K./Popko, M./Steinkeller, P. (eds), Written on
Clay and Stone: Ancient Near Eastern Studies Presented to Krystyna Szarzynska on the Occasion of
her 80th birthday, Warsaw: 87–100.
—, 1999. ‘On rulers, priests and sacred marriage: tracing the evolution of early Sumerian kingship’, in
Watanabe, K. (ed.), Priests and Officials in the Ancient Near East: Papers of the Second Colloquium
on the Ancient Near East – The City and its Life, Heidelberg: 103–37.
—, 2005. ‘The priestess égi-zi and related matters’, in Sefati, Y./Artzi, P./Cohen, C./Eichler, B.L./Hurowitz,
V.A. (eds), An Experienced Scribe who Neglects Nothing: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of
Jacob Klein, Bethesda: 301–10.
Stève, M.-J., 2001. ‘La tablette sumérienne de Šuštar (T. MK 203*)’, Akkadica 121: 5–21.
Stol, M., 1980–3. ‘Leder(industrie)’, RlA 6: 527–43.
—, 1987. ‘Garlic, onions, leek’, BSA 3: 57–80.
—, 2000. ‘Titel altbabylonischer Klosterfrauen’, in Marzahn, J./Neumann, H. (eds), Assyriologica et
Semitica. Festschrift für Joachim Oelsner anläßlich seines 65. Geburtstages am 18. Februar 1997,
AOAT 252, Münster: 457–66.
—, 2004. ‘Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft in altbabylonischer Zeit’, in Charpin, D./Edzard, D.O./Stol, M.,
Mesopotamien. Die altbabylonische Zeit, Annäherungen 4, OBO 160/4, Fribourg/Göttingen: 643–
975.
Stolper, M.W., 1982. ‘On the dynasty of Šimaški and the early sukkalmahs’, ZA 72: 42–67.
—, 1984. ‘The Neo-Babylonian text from the Persepolis Fortification’, JNES 43: 299–310.
Stone, E.C., 1982. ‘The social role of the nadītu women in Old Babylonian Nippur’, JESHO 25: 50–70.
Streck, M., 1916. Assurbanipal, 3 vols, Leipzig.
Streck, M.P., 1998. ‘The tense systems in the Sumerian-Akkadian linguistic area’, ASJ 20: 181–99.
Strommenger, E., 1960. ‘Das Menschenbild in der Altmesopotamischen Rundplastik von Mesilim bis
Hammurapi’, Bagh. Mitt. 1: 1–103.
—, 1963. ‘Das Felsrelief von Darband-i-Gaur’, Bagh. Mitt. 2: 83–8.
—, 1971. ‘Mesopotamische Gewandtypen von der Frühsumerischen bis zur Larsa-Zeit’, APA 2: 37–55.
Stump, G.T., 1998. ‘Inflection’, in Spencer, A./Zwicky, A.M. (eds), The Handbook of Morphology. Oxford:
13–43.
Such-Gutiérrez, M., 2003. Beiträge zum Pantheon von Nippur im 3. Jahrtausend 1-2, Materiali per il
Vocabolario Sumerico 9, Rome.
Suter, C.E., 1991–3. ‘A Šulgi statuette from Tello’, JCS 43-45: 63–70.
—, 2000. Gudea’s Temple Building: The Representation of an Early Mesopotamian Ruler in Text and Image,
CM 17, Groningen.
—, 2005. Review of Canby 2001, AJA 109: 301–3.
—, 2007. ‘Between human and divine: high priestesses in images from the Akkadian to the Isin-Larsa
period’, in Feldman, M./Cheng, J. (eds), Ancient Near Eastern Art in Context: Studies in Honor of
Irene J. Winter. Boston: 315–59.
—, 2008. ‘Who are the women in Mesopotamian art from ca. 2334–1763 BCE?’, KASKAL 5: 1–55.
Sutton, P.C., 1984. Masters of 17th Century Dutch Genre Painting, Philadelphia.
Tadmor, H., 1980. ‘History and ideology in the Assyrian royal inscriptions’, in Fales, F.M. (ed.), Assyrian
Royal Inscriptions: New Horizons in Literary, Ideological, and Historical Analysis. Papers of
symposium held in Cetona (Siena), June 26–28, Rome: 13–33.
Tallon, F., 1992. ‘Art and the ruler: Gudea of Lagash’, Asian Art 5/1: 31–51.
Tanret, M., 1986. ‘Fragments de tablettes pour des fragments d’histoire’, in De Meyer, L./Gasche, H./Vallat,
F. (eds), Fragmenta historiae Elamicae: mélanges offerts à M.J. Stève, Paris: 139–50.
—, 2002. Sippar-Amnānum: The Ur-Utu Archive, 2. Per aspera ad astra: l’apprentissage du cunéiforme à
Sippar-Amnānum pendant la période paléobabylonienne tardive, MHE, Series 3: Texts 1/2, Ghent.
Taylor, J., 2008. ‘Lexicographical study of the already-ancient in antiquity’, in Biggs, R.D./Myers, J./Roth,
M.T. (eds), Proceedings of the 51st Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale Held at The Oriental
Institute of the University of Chicago July 18–22, 2005. SAOC 62. Chicago: 203–10.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
457
Thomsen, M.-L., 1984. The Sumerian Language. An Introduction to its History and Grammatical Structure,
Mesopotamia 10, Copenhagen.
Tinney, S., 1995. ‘On the poetry for king Išme-Dagan’, OLZ 90: 5–26.
—, 1996. The Nippur Lament: Royal Rhetoric and Divine Legitimation in the Reign of Išme-Dagan of Isin
(1953–1935 BC), OPSNKF 16, Philadelphia.
—, 1999. ‘On the curricular setting of Sumerian literature’, Iraq 61: 159–72.
Tirosh-Samuelson, H., 2003. ‘The Bible in the Jewish philosophical tradition’, in Berlin, A. and Brettler, M.
(eds), The Jewish Study Bible, Oxford: 1948–75.
Todorov, T., 1975. The Fantastic. A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre, Ithaca, NY (translated from the
French by R. Howard).
Tonietti, M.V., 1989. ‘Le liste delle dam en: cronologia intern’, in Fronzaroli, P. (ed.), Miscellanea Eblaitica
2, Florence: 79–116.
Torri, G., 2003. ‘Common literary patterns in Hittite magical rituals and prayers’, Orientalia NS 72: 216–22.
Tournay R.J. and Shaffer, A., 1994. L’épopée de Gilgameš, Paris.
Traill, N., 1996. Possible Worlds of the Fantastic, Toronto.
Tyler, A., 1999. PPCME Lite: A Brief Introduction to the Syntactic Annotation System of the PPCME2,
available at: http://www.ling.upenn.edu/mideng/ (accessed 4 January 2010).
Uebel, M., 1996. ‘Unthinking the monster: Twelfth-century responses to Saracen alterity’, in Cohen, J.J.
(ed.), Monster Theory. Reading Culture, Minneapolis: 264–91.
Unger, E., 1928. ‘Babylon’, RlA 1: 330–68.
Vallat, F., 1983. ‘Le dieu Enzak: une divinité dilmunite vénérée à Suse’, in Potts, D.T. (ed.), Dilmun: New
Studies in the Archaeology and Early History of Bahrain, BBVO 2, Berlin: 93–100.
—, 1993. Les noms géographiques des sources suso-élamites, RGTC 11, Wiesbaden.
van Binsbergen, W. and Wiggermann, F., 1999. ‘Magic in history. A theoretical perspective, and its
application to ancient Mesopotamia’, in Abusch, T./van der Toorn, K. (eds), Mesopotamian Magic:
Textual, Historical, and Interpretative Perspectives, Groningen: 3–34.
van den Hout, T.P.J., 1987–90. ‘Maße und Gewichte Bei den Hethitern’, RlA 7: 517-27.
Van de Mieroop, M., 1986. ‘Nippur texts from the early Isin period’, JANES 18: 31–51.
—, 1999. Cuneiform Texts and the Writing of History, London.
van der Meer, P.E., 1935. Textes scolaires de Suse, Mémoires de la Mission Archéologique de Perse 27, Paris.
van Dijk, J.J.A., 1960. Sumerische Götterlieder II, Heidelberg.
—, 1983. LUGAL UD ME-LÁM-bi NIR-ĞÁL. Le récit épique et didactique des Travaux de Ninurta, du
Déluge et de la Nouvelle Création. Texte, Traduction et Introduction, I-II, Leiden.
van Driel, G., 1973. ‘On “standard” and “triumphal” inscriptions’, in Beek, M.A./Kampman, A.A./Nijland,
C./Ryckmans, J. (eds), Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotamicae. Francisco Mario Theodoro de Liagre
Böhl dedicate, Leiden: 99–106.
van Koppen, F., 2001. ‘Sweeping the court and locking the gate: The palace of Sippir-ṣērim’, in van Soldt,
W.H./Dercksen, J.G./Kouwenberg, N.J.C./Krispijn, Th.J.H. (eds), Veenhof Anniversary Volume.
Studies Presented to Klaas R. Veenhof on the Occasion of his Sixty-Fifth Birthday, Leiden: 211–24.
Van Lerberghe, K., 1986. Old Babylonian Legal and Administrative Texts from Philadelphia, OLA 21,
Louvain.
—, 1989. ‘Une tablette administrative paléobabylonienne de Nippur’, in Lebeau, M./Talon, P. (eds), Reflets
des deux fleuves: volume de mélanges offerts à André Finet, Akkadica, Suppl. 6, Leuven: 176–80.
van Soldt, W.H., 1990. Review of Huehnergard 1987, BiOr 47: 728–36.
—, 1991. Studies in the Akkadian of Ugarit: Dating and Grammar, AOAT 40, Kevelaer/Neukirchen-Vluyn.
Vanstiphout, H.L.J., 1979. ‘How did they learn Sumerian?’, JCS 31: 118–26.
—, 1989. ‘Enmerkar’s invention of writing revisited’, in Behrens, H./Loding, D./Roth, M.T. (eds), DUMUE2-DUB-BA-A. Studies in Honor of Åke W. Sjöberg, OPSNKF 11, Philadelphia: 515–24.
—, 1992. ‘Repetition and structure in the Aratta Cycle: their relevance for the orality debate’, in Vogelzang,
M.E./Vanstiphout, H.L.J. (eds), Mesopotamian Epic Literature. Oral or Aural?, Lewiston: 247–64.
—, 1994. ‘Another attempt at the “spell of Nudimmud”’, RA 88: 135–54.
—, 1997. ‘Why did Enki organize the world?’, in Finkel, I.L./Geller, M.J. (eds), Sumerian Gods and Their
Representations, Groningen: 117–34.
—, 1998. ‘Reflections on the dream of Lugalbanda’, in Prosecký, J. (ed.), Intellectual Life of the Ancient
Near East, Prague: 397–412.
—, 1999. ‘De Enki-administratie, of waarom de wereld zo in elkaar zit’, Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Filologie
en Geschiedenis 77: 5–51.
—, 2001. Het epos van Gilgameš, Nijmegen (2nd ed. 2002).
—, 2003. Epics of Sumerian Kings: The Matter of Aratta, Writings from the Ancient World 20, Atlanta.
458
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Vatandoust, A., 1999. ‘A view on prehistoric Iranian metalworking: Elemental analyses and metallographic
examinations’, in Hauptmann, A./Pernicka, E./Rehren, T./Yalçin, Ü. (eds), The Beginnings of
Metallurgy: Proceedings of the International Conference “The Beginnings of Metallurgy”, Bochum
1995, Der Anschnitt Beiheft 9, Bochum: 121–40.
Veldhuis, N., 1997. Elementary Education at Nippur: the Lists of Trees and Wooden Objects. Unpublished
PhD thesis, University of Groningen.
—, 1997–8. Review of Cavigneaux 1996 (AUWE 23), AfO 45: 360–3.
—, 1998. ‘The sur9-priest, the instrument gišal-gar-sur9, and the forms and uses of a rare sign’, AfO 44/45:
115–28.
—, 2002. ‘Studies in Sumerian vocabulary: dnin-ka6, immal/šilam and še21.d’, JCS 54: 67–77.
—, 2004. Religion, Literature, and Scholarship: the Sumerian Composition “Nanše and the Birds”, With a
Catalogue of Sumerian Bird Names, CM 22, Leiden.
—, 2006. ‘How did they learn cuneiform? “Tribute/Word List C” as an elementary exercise’, in Michalowski,
P./Veldhuis, N. (eds), Approaches to Sumerian Literature. Studies in Honour of Stip (H.L.J.
Vanstiphout), CM 35, Leiden: 181-200.
— and Hilprecht, H.V., 2003–4. ‘Model texts and exercises from the Temple School of Nippur: BE 19’, AfO
50: 28–49.
Verderame, L., 2002. Le Tavole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil, Messina.
Versnel, H.S., 2000. ‘Thrice one: Three Greek experiments in oneness’, in Porter, B.N. (ed.), One God or
Many? Concepts of Divinity in the Ancient World, Casco Bay: 79–163.
Vogelzang, M., 1988. Bin Šar Dadme. Edition and Analysis of the Akkadian Anzû Poem, Groningen.
Volk, K., 1989. Die balaĝ-Komposition úru àm-ma-ir-ra-bi: Rekonstruktion und Bearbeitung der Tafeln 18
(19´ff.), 19, 20 und 21 der späten, kanonischen Version, FAOS 18, Stuttgart.
Von Soden, W., 1959-81. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch, 3 vols, Wiesbaden.
—, 1969. Grundriss der Akkadischen Grammatik. AnOr 47 (=2nd, unchanged edition of AnOr 33 with
Supplement), Rome.
Von Voigtlander, E.N., 1978. The Bisitun Inscription of Darius the Great, Babylonian Version, Corpus
Inscriptionum Iranicarum, London.
Von Weiher, E., 1971. Der babylonische Gott Nergal, AOAT 11, Kevelaer/Neukirchen-Vluyn.
—, 1988. Spätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk 3, ADFU 12, Berlin.
Waerzeggers, C. and Jursa, M., 2008. ‘On the initiation of Babylonian priests’, Zeitschrift für
Altorientalische und Biblische Rechtsgeschichte 14: 1–38.
Waetzoldt, H., 1980-83. ‘Kopfbedeckung’, RlA 6: 197–203.
—, 1987. ‘Knoblauch und Zwiebeln nach den Texten des 3. Jahrtausends’, BSA 3: 23–56.
—, 1990. ‘Weltlicher Herrscher und vergöttlichter König’, NABU 1990/49.
—, 2001. Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungstexte aus Ebla. Archiv L. 2769, MEE 12, Rome.
Walcot, P., 1958. ‘Hesiod’s hymns to the Muses, Aphrodite, Styx and Hecate’, Symbolae Osloensis 34: 5–14.
Walker, C.B.F., 1966. Material for a Reconstruction of the Mis pû Ritual. B.Phil. thesis, University of
Oxford.
Wasserman, N., 2003. Style and Form in Old-Babylonian Literary Texts, CM 27, Leiden.
—, and Seidl, U., 2003. ‘Iddi(n)-Sîn, king of Simurrum: A new rock-relief inscription and a reverential seal’,
ZA 131: 1–52.
Watelin, L., 1934. Excavations at Kish: the Herbert Weld (for the University of Oxford) and Field Museum of
Natural History (Chicago) Expedition to Mesopotamia. Vol. IV: 1925–1930, Paris.
Weber, M., 1918–19. ‘Science as a vocation’, in Gerth, H.H./Wright, C. (transl. and ed.), From Max Weber:
Essays in Sociology, 1946, New York/Oxford: 155.
Weidner, E., 1954/6. ‘Hof- und Harems-Erlasse assyrischer Könige aus dem 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr.’, AfO 17:
257–93.
—, 1967. Gestirndarstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln, Sitzungsberichte der Österreichische Akademie
der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Klasse 254/2, Graz/Vienna/Cologne.
West, M.L., 1966. Hesiod: Theogony (ed. with Prolegomena and Commentary), Oxford.
—, 1997. The East Face of Helicon. West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth, Oxford.
Westenholz, Å., 1975a. Literary and Lexical Texts and the Earliest Administrative Documents from Nippur.
Old Sumerian and Old Akkadian Texts in Philadelphia Chiefly from Nippur 1, BiMes 1, Malibu.
—, 1975b. Early Cuneiform Texts in Jena. Pre-Sargonic and Sargonic Documents from Nippur and Fara in
the Hilprecht-Sammlung vorderasiatischer Altertümer, Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes
Selskab, Historisk-Filosofiske Skrifter 7-3, Copenhagen.
—, 1987. Old Sumerian and Old Akkadian Texts in Philadelphia 2, Copenhagen.
Westenholz, J.G., 1992. ‘The clergy of Nippur’, in Ellis, M. de J. (ed.), Nippur at the centennial. Papers read
at the 35e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Philadelphia, 1988, OPSNKF 14, Philadelphia:
297–310.
YOUR PRAISE IS SWEET: MEMORIAL VOLUME FOR JEREMY BLACK
459
—, 2000. ‘The king, the emperor, and the empire: continuity and discontinuity of royal representation in text
and image’, in Aro, S./Whiting, R. (eds), The Heirs of Assyria, Melammu Symposia I, Helsinki: 99–
126.
Whiting, R.M., 1987. Old Babylonian Letters from Tell Asmar, AS 22, Chicago.
Wierzbicka, A., 2000. ‘Lexical prototypes as a universal basis for cross-linguistic identification of “parts of
speech”’, in Vogel, P.M./Comrie, B. (eds), Approaches to the Typology of Word Classes, Empirical
Approaches to Language Typology 23, Berlin: 285–317.
Wiesehöfer, J., 1978. Der Aufstand Gaumatas und die Anfange Dareios’ I, Habelts Dissertationsdrucke:
Reihe Alte Geschichte 13, Bonn.
—, 1996. Ancient Persia: from 550 BC to 650 AD, London.
Wiggermann, F.A.M., 1987. ‘The staff of Ninšubura: studies in Babylonian demonology II’, JEOL 29: 3–34.
—, 1992. Mesopotamian Protective Spirits. The Ritual Texts, CM 1, Groningen.
—, 1993. ‘Mischwesen A.’, RlA 8: 222–45.
Wilcke, C., 1969a. Das Lugalbandaepos, Wiesbaden.
—, 1969b. ‘ku-li’, ZA 59: 65–99.
—, 1972. Review of Sjöberg and Bergmann 1969, JNES 31: 37–42.
—, 1974. ‘Politische Opposition nach sumerischen Quellen: der Konflikt zwischen Königtum und
Ratsversammlung. Literaturwerke als politische Tendenzschriften’, in Finet, A. (ed), La voix de
l’opposition en Mésopotamie. Colloque organisé par l’Institut des Hautes Études de Belgique, 19 et
20 mars 1973, Brussels: 37–65.
—, 1978. ‘Philologische Bemerkungen zum Rat des Shuruppag’, ZA 68: 196–232.
—, 1990. ‘Kirṣitu, ein Phantomwort’, NABU 1990/35.
—, 2000 [2005]. ‘The verb si—sá: a diachronic list of datable occurrences grouped according to their number
of participants to the action’, ASJ 22: 279–301.
—, 2002. ‘Der Tod im Leben der Babylonier’, in Assmann, J./Trauzettel, R. (eds), Tod, Jenseits und
Identität. Perspektiven einer kulturwissenschaftlichen Thanatologie, Freiburg/München: 252–66.
—, 2005. ‘ED LÚ A und die Sprache(n) der archaischen Texte’, in van Soldt, W.H./Kalvelagen, R./Katz, D.
(eds), Ethnicity in Ancient Mesopotamia, PIHANS 102, Leiden: 430–45.
Wilhelm, G., 1999. ‘Reinheit und Heiligkeit. Zur Vorstellung altanatolischer Ritualistik’, in Fabry, H.J./Jüngling, H.-W. (eds), Levitikus als Buch, Bonner Biblische Beiträge 199, Bodenheim am Rhein:
197–217.
Williams, D., 1996. Deformed Discourse. The Function of the Monster in Mediaeval Thought and Literature,
Exeter.
Wilson, M., 2008. Education in the Earliest Schools. Cuneiform Manuscripts in the Cotsen Collection, Los
Angeles.
Winter, I.J., 1986. ‘The king and the cup: iconography of the royal presentation scene on Ur III seals’, in
Kelly-Buccellati, M. (ed., in collaboration with P. Mattiae and M. van Loon), Insight Through
Images. Studies in Honor of Edith Porada, BiMes 21, Malibu: 253–68.
—, 1987. ‘Legitimation of authority through images and legend: seals belonging to officials in the
administrative bureaucracy of the Ur III state’, in Gibson, McG./Biggs, R.D. (eds), The
Organization of Power: Aspects of Bureaucracy in the Ancient Near East, SAOC 46, Chicago: 59–
99.
—, 1996. ‘Sex, rhetoric and the public monument: the alluring body of Naram-Sîn of Agade’, in Kampen,
N.B. (ed.), Sexuality in Ancient Art: Near East, Egypt, Greece, and Italy, Cambridge: 11–26.
—, 2000. ‘Opening the eyes and opening the mouth: the utility of comparing images in worship in India and
in the ancient Near East,’ in M.W. Meister (ed), Ethnography and Personhood: Notes from the Field.
Jaipur and New Delhi: 129–62.
—, 2003. Review of Canby 2001, JAOS 123: 402–6.
—, 2008. ‘Touched by the gods: visual evidence for the divine status of rulers in the ancient Near East’, in
Brisch, N. (ed.), Religion and Power: Divine Kingship in the Ancient World and Beyond, Oriental
Institute Seminars 4, Chicago: 75–101.
Wiseman, D.J., 1953. ‘The Nimrud tablets, 1953’, Iraq 15: 135–60.
Witzel, M., 1931. ‘Sumerische Rezension der Himmelstier-Episode aus dem Gilgameschepos’, OLZ 34: 401–
9.
—, 1933. ‘Noch einmal die sumerische Himmelstier-Episode’, in Keilschriftliche Miscellanea, AnOr 6,
Rome: 45–68.
Woods, C., 2000 [2005]. ‘Deixis, person, and case in Sumerian’, ASJ 22: 303–34.
Woolley, C.L., 1974. Ur Excavations 6: The Buildings of the Third Dynasty. London.
—, 1976. Ur Excavations 7: The Old Babylonian Period. London.
Wrag, R., 1595. ‘A description of a voyage to Constantinople and Syria, begun the 21 of March 1593 and
ended the 9 of August, 1595’, in Hakluyt, R., The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and
Discoveries of the English Nation [1598 London; 1904 edition: 94–110].
Wu Yuhong, 1994. A Political History of Eshnunna, Mari and Assyria during the Early Old Babylonian
Period (from the End of Ur III to the Death of Šamši-Adad), Changchun.
460
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Yang, Z., 1989. Sargonic Inscriptions from Adab, Changchun.
—, 1991. ‘King of justice’, in Michalowski, P./Steinkeller, P./Stone, E./Zettler, R. (eds), Velles Paraules:
Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Miguel Civil, Aula Orientalis 9, Sabadell: 243–9.
Yoffee, N., 1977. The Old Babylonian texts from Kish: a first report’, in Ellis, M. de J. (ed.), Essays on the
Ancient Near East in Memory of Jacob Joel Finkelstein, Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of
Arts and Sciences 19, Hamden, CT: 219–23.
Yoshikawa, M., 1979. ‘Verbal reduplication in Sumerian’, ASJ 1: 99–119.
Young, T.C., 1988. ‘The consolidation of the empire and its limits of growth under Darius and Xerxes’, in
Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 4 (2nd edition), Cambridge: 53–111.
Zadok, R., 1976. ‘On the connections between Iran and Babylonia in the sixth century BC’, Iran 14: 61–78.
—, 1984a. Assyrians in Chaldean and Achaemenian Babylonia, Assur 4/3, Malibu.
—, 1984b. The Elamite Onomasticon, Istituto Universitario Orientale, Supplemento n. 40 agli ANNALI vol.
44 (1984), fasc. 3, Naples.
—, 1986. ‘Archives from Nippur in the first millennium BC’, in Veenhof, K. (ed.), Cuneiform Archives and
Libraries, CRRA 30, Istanbul: 278–88.
—, 2002. The Ethno-linguistic Character of Northwestern Iran and Kurdistan in the Neo-Assyrian Period,
Jaffa.
Zettler, R., 1987. Review of Buchanan 1981, JNES 46: 59–62.
Zimmern, H., 1901. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der babylonischen Religion. Die Beschwörungstafeln Šurpu,
Ritualtafeln für den Wahrsager, Beschwörer und Sänger, Assyriologische Bibliothek 12, Leipzig.
Zólyomi, G., 1996. ‘Genitive constructions in Sumerian’, JCS 48: 31–47.
—, 2000a. ‘Išme-Dagan K, line 2’, NABU 2000/52.
—, 2000b [2005]. ‘Structural interference from Akkadian in Old Babylonian Sumerian’, ASJ 22: 335–60.
—, 2003. ‘A manuscript of “Ninĝišzida’s Journey to the Nether World” from Kiš, Ingharra’, ZA 93: 70–81.
—, 2005a. ‘A hymn to Ninšubur on a tablet in the Ashmolean Museum (BL 195A)’, in Sefati, Y., Artzi, P.,
Cohen, C., Eichler, B.L. and Hurowitz, V.A. (eds), An Experienced Scribe who Neglects Nothing:
Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Jacob Klein, Bethesda, MD: 396–412.
—, 2005b. ‘Sumerisch’, in Streck, M.P. (ed.), Sprachen des Alten Orients, Darmstadt: 11–43.